@inproceedings{2b788d02e5c747b4a290beb62515da05,
title = "A comparison of DCT and DWT block based watermarking on medical image quality",
abstract = "Hiding watermark information in medical image data files is one method of enhancing security and protecting patient privacy. However the research area of medical image watermarking has not been particularly active, partly due to concerns that any distortion could affect the diagnostic value of the medical image. These concerns can be addressed by ensuring that any image changes are kept below visual perception thresholds. In this paper the effects of image watermarking and common image manipulations are measured using the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Measure (SSIM) and Steerable Visual Difference Predictor (SVDP) numerical metrics. Two methods of block based watermarking are compared: the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). To ensure a fair comparison a 128-pixel block size is used which allows an identical amount of information to be embedded for each method (3072 bits multiplied by embedding strength). The results suggest that although the two methods are similar, the DCT method is preferable if localization of changes is required. If localization is not required the DWT method is supported.",
keywords = "Digital image watermarking, Human observers, Information hiding, Medical image modalities, Perceptual factors",
author = "Jason Dowling and Planitz, {Birgit M.} and Maeder, {Anthony J.} and Jiang Du and Binh Pham and Colin Boyd and Shaokang Chen and Bradley, {Andrew P.} and Stuart Crozier",
year = "2008",
doi = "10.1007/978-3-540-92238-4_35",
language = "English",
isbn = "3540922377",
series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
publisher = "Springer ",
pages = "454--466",
editor = "Y.Q. Shi and H.J. Kim and S Katzenbeisser",
booktitle = "Digital Watermarking, IWDW 2007",
note = "6th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, IWDW 2007 ; Conference date: 03-12-2007 Through 05-12-2007",
}