A depiction of poliomyelitis in a 17th -century Piedmontese fresco?

Introduction
A potential representation of poliomyelitis is investigated in an Italian artwork.

Materials and Methods
A 17th century Piedmontese fresco is analyzed by combining historico-medical, palaeopathological and clinical approaches. Alternative diagnoses are considered.

Results, Discussion and Conclusions
The man appearing in the fresco holding a crutch is characterized by an atrophic left leg reminiscent of poliomyelitic atrophic. Other congenital anomalies or cerebrovascular causes appear less likely. A reflection on the difficulty of retrospectively diagnosis poliomyelitis is offered.