A Literature Survey on Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Management in Organizations

Despite the fact that the factors driving information and technology dispersal for developing countries are different from those in developed ones, the author in this paper did not focus on a particular nation. The author reviewed materials with no regard to the place of publication or where the investigations took place. An exhaustive review of literature indicated a number of considerable challenges and implications for practitioners. These were: an information system must be set with all tools necessary to provide meaningful information with regard to time issues and completeness; become aware of what an IT system can bring and its impact on the organization’s efficiency, structure, transparency and interpersonal relationships; recognize deficiencies and limitations in the organization’s computer-based information systems; promote change, knowledge sharing, creativity, innovation and democratization; catch up with recent technological developments, which may enhance the efficiency of the organization’s system; and become competent in maximizing the organization’s outcome from the application of such an information system. Above all, policies should be scrupulously communicated to each individual in the organization to ensure the appropriate use of technology and reduce any resistance to change. Lastly, and as a caveat, the quantitative advantages of IT aspects cannot be measured easily because the system is not directly visible when it supports the different processes of an organization.