A new method for improving temporal integration in transit systems: A case study of Adelaide o-Bahn

Temporal coordination of services is a crucial aspect of integration in transit systems as it directly affects the waiting times imposed on transferring passengers. A number of methods have been proposed so far for improving temporal coordination in public transport systems. However, those methods are based on the number of transferring passengers which is often difficult information to collect in practice. This paper presents a novel method for reducing passengers’ transfer waiting time without the need for transfer counts data. First, a quantitative index is developed as a measure of effectiveness for quantifying the level of coordination in transit systems. Then, a transfer optimisation algorithm is proposed for minimising the waiting times incurred by the passengers transferring between public transport services. A genetic algorithm is also developed as the solution technique for this algorithm and several computer programs were created for implementing the algorithm. To test the applicability of this method, Adelaide O-Bahn busway was selected as a case study and its existing timetables were modified using the proposed method. The numerical results of this application revealed a considerable reduction in the passengers’ transfer waiting times over peak and inter-peak periods. This method can be used by transit planners and schedulers for assessing the level of coordination in transit systems, as well as for improving temporal coordination between public transport modes and lines, particularly in the absence of transferring passenger counts.