A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines

Feargal J. Ryan; Todd S. Norton; Conor McCafferty; Stephen J. Blake; Natalie E. Stevens; Jane James; Georgina L. Eden; Yee C. Tee; Saoirse C. Benson; Makutiro G. Masavuli; Arthur E.L. Yeow; Arunasingam Abayasingam; David Agapiou; Hannah Stevens; Jana Zecha; Nicole L. Messina; Nigel Curtis; Vera Ignjatovic; Paul Monagle; Huyen Tran; James D. McFadyen; Rowena A. Bull; Branka Grubor-Bauk; Miriam A. Lynn; Rochelle Botten; Simone E. Barry; David J. Lynn

doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100971

A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines

Feargal J. Ryan, Todd S. Norton, Conor McCafferty, Stephen J. Blake, Natalie E. Stevens, Jane James, Georgina L. Eden, Yee C. Tee, Saoirse C. Benson, Makutiro G. Masavuli, Arthur E.L. Yeow, Arunasingam Abayasingam, David Agapiou, Hannah Stevens, Jana Zecha, Nicole L. Messina, Nigel Curtis, Vera Ignjatovic, Paul Monagle, Huyen TranJames D. McFadyen, Rowena A. Bull, Branka Grubor-Bauk, Miriam A. Lynn, Rochelle Botten, Simone E. Barry, David J. Lynn

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Abstract

Identifying the molecular mechanisms that promote optimal immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is critical for future rational vaccine design. Here, we longitudinally profile innate and adaptive immune responses in 102 adults after the first, second, and third doses of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Using a multi-omics approach, we identify key differences in the immune responses induced by ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 that correlate with antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses or vaccine reactogenicity. Unexpectedly, we observe that vaccination with ChAdOx1-S, but not BNT162b2, induces an adenoviral vector-specific memory response after the first dose, which correlates with the expression of proteins with roles in thrombosis with potential implications for thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), a rare but serious adverse event linked to adenovirus-vectored vaccines. The COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Responses Study thus represents a major resource that can be used to understand the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of these COVID-19 vaccines.

Original language	English
Article number	100971
Number of pages	17
Journal	Cell Reports Medicine
Volume	4
Issue number	3
Early online date	17 Feb 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100971
Publication status	Published - 21 Mar 2023

Keywords

antibody responses
COVID-19 vaccine
cytokines
immunophenotyping
lipidomics
proteomics
RNA-seq
SARS-CoV-2
T cell
vaccination

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100971Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

Final published versionFinal published version, 16.3 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Ryan, F. J., Norton, T. S., McCafferty, C., Blake, S. J., Stevens, N. E., James, J., Eden, G. L., Tee, Y. C., Benson, S. C., Masavuli, M. G., Yeow, A. E. L., Abayasingam, A., Agapiou, D., Stevens, H., Zecha, J., Messina, N. L., Curtis, N., Ignjatovic, V., Monagle, P., ... Lynn, D. J. (2023). A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines. Cell Reports Medicine, 4(3), Article 100971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100971

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title = "A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines",

abstract = "Identifying the molecular mechanisms that promote optimal immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is critical for future rational vaccine design. Here, we longitudinally profile innate and adaptive immune responses in 102 adults after the first, second, and third doses of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines. Using a multi-omics approach, we identify key differences in the immune responses induced by ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 that correlate with antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses or vaccine reactogenicity. Unexpectedly, we observe that vaccination with ChAdOx1-S, but not BNT162b2, induces an adenoviral vector-specific memory response after the first dose, which correlates with the expression of proteins with roles in thrombosis with potential implications for thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), a rare but serious adverse event linked to adenovirus-vectored vaccines. The COVID-19 Vaccine Immune Responses Study thus represents a major resource that can be used to understand the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of these COVID-19 vaccines.",

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author = "Ryan, {Feargal J.} and Norton, {Todd S.} and Conor McCafferty and Blake, {Stephen J.} and Stevens, {Natalie E.} and Jane James and Eden, {Georgina L.} and Tee, {Yee C.} and Benson, {Saoirse C.} and Masavuli, {Makutiro G.} and Yeow, {Arthur E.L.} and Arunasingam Abayasingam and David Agapiou and Hannah Stevens and Jana Zecha and Messina, {Nicole L.} and Nigel Curtis and Vera Ignjatovic and Paul Monagle and Huyen Tran and McFadyen, {James D.} and Bull, {Rowena A.} and Branka Grubor-Bauk and Lynn, {Miriam A.} and Rochelle Botten and Barry, {Simone E.} and Lynn, {David J.}",

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Ryan, FJ, Norton, TS, McCafferty, C, Blake, SJ , Stevens, NE, James, J, Eden, GL, Tee, YC, Benson, SC, Masavuli, MG, Yeow, AEL, Abayasingam, A, Agapiou, D, Stevens, H, Zecha, J, Messina, NL, Curtis, N, Ignjatovic, V, Monagle, P, Tran, H, McFadyen, JD, Bull, RA, Grubor-Bauk, B, Lynn, MA, Botten, R, Barry, SE & Lynn, DJ 2023, 'A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines', Cell Reports Medicine, vol. 4, no. 3, 100971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100971

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AU - Stevens, Natalie E.

AU - James, Jane

AU - Eden, Georgina L.

AU - Tee, Yee C.

AU - Benson, Saoirse C.

AU - Masavuli, Makutiro G.

AU - Yeow, Arthur E.L.

AU - Abayasingam, Arunasingam

AU - Agapiou, David

AU - Stevens, Hannah

AU - Zecha, Jana

AU - Messina, Nicole L.

AU - Curtis, Nigel

AU - Ignjatovic, Vera

AU - Monagle, Paul

AU - Tran, Huyen

AU - McFadyen, James D.

AU - Bull, Rowena A.

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AU - Lynn, David J.

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KW - COVID-19 vaccine

KW - cytokines

KW - immunophenotyping

KW - lipidomics

KW - proteomics

KW - RNA-seq

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - T cell

KW - vaccination

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ER -

A systems immunology study comparing innate and adaptive immune responses in adults to COVID-19 mRNA and adenovirus vectored vaccines

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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