Acute Toxicity of Four Disinfectants to Brine Shrimp, Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca)

In order to determine the impact of glutaraldehyde, dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and bleaching powder on brine shrimp Artemia (crustacean, Anostraca), acute toxicity parameters were assessed. The analysis revealed a highest level of toxicity for bleaching powder followed by dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and glutaraldehyde. The median lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of bleaching powder, dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and glutaraldehyde were 14.24 mg/L, 28.21 mg/L, 55.01 mg/L and 68.51 mg/L, respectively after 24 h of treatment. However, 48 h post-treatment, the LC₅₀ were 11.26 mg/L, 10.15 mg/L, 30.24 mg/L and 36.71 mg/L, respectively. The safe concentration (SC) of tested disinfectants were recorded to be 1.93 mg/L, 0.41 mg/L, 2.73 mg/L and 7.81 mg/L for bleaching powder, dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and glutaraldehyde, respectively. These results highlight that glutaraldehyde can safely be used as disinfectant against brine shrimp Artemia and bleaching powder appeared to be toxic whereas dibromohydantoin and methionine iodine can be applied with caution.