An Overview of the Systematic Steps in the Quantitative and Qualitative Research Process

The research process is the fuel that drives scientific progress. It propels a sense of discovery and problem-solving that allows scholars to recognise gaps in knowledge, investigate options, and develop a solution. At the heart of this system is the scientific method, a series of enduring steps that provide the foundation for the necessary hallmarks of rigour, replicability, and reassurance that ensure confidence in the veracity of results. That is not to say, however, that all research that follows the standard sequence of steps is infallible. Errors and conjecture are all possible, but a systematic process reduces the potential for bias and mistake, illuminating a pathway that permits scrutiny, objectivity, and transparency. This entry acknowledges the context of sport research and outlines six interdependent process steps in consideration of both quantitative and qualitative approaches, these being: a) problem identification, research paradigms and questions, b) literature review, c) research design, d) methods, data collection and analysis, e) communicating findings and discussion, and f) ethical aspects and the considerations of further research, limitations, and peer review.