TY - JOUR
T1 - Anti-skin cancer properties of phenolic-rich extract from the pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)
AU - Wang, Jing J
AU - Shi, Qinghong
AU - Zhang, Wei
AU - Sanderson, Barbara
PY - 2012/9/1
Y1 - 2012/9/1
N2 - Skin cancers are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy. This study examined the anti-skin cancer properties of crude ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp (MPEE) on human squamous cell carcinoma A-431 and melanoma SK-MEL-28 lines. Significant dose-dependent reduction in% viability was observed for these cell lines, with less effect on human normal skin fibroblast CCD-1064Sk and keratinocyte HaCaT cell lines. Cell distribution in G1 phase (93%) significantly increased after 10μg/ml of MPEE versus untreated SK-MEL-28 cells (78%), which was associated with enhanced p21WAF1 mRNA levels. In A-431 cells, 10μg/ml MPEE significantly increased the sub G1 peak (15%) with concomitant decrease in G1 phase over untreated cells (2%). In A-431 cells, 10μg/ml MPEE induced an 18% increase in early apoptosis versus untreated cells (2%). This was via caspase activation (15-, 3- and 4-fold increased caspse-3/7, 8, and 9 activities), and disruption of mitochondrial pathways (6-fold decreased mitochondrial membrane potential versus untreated cells). Real-time PCR revealed increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cytochrome c release, and decreased Akt1. Apoptosis was significantly increased after MPEE treatment of SK-MEL-28 cells. Hence, MPEE showed strong anti-skin cancer effect on these two skin cancer cell lines, with potential as an anti-skin cancer agent.
AB - Skin cancers are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy. This study examined the anti-skin cancer properties of crude ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp (MPEE) on human squamous cell carcinoma A-431 and melanoma SK-MEL-28 lines. Significant dose-dependent reduction in% viability was observed for these cell lines, with less effect on human normal skin fibroblast CCD-1064Sk and keratinocyte HaCaT cell lines. Cell distribution in G1 phase (93%) significantly increased after 10μg/ml of MPEE versus untreated SK-MEL-28 cells (78%), which was associated with enhanced p21WAF1 mRNA levels. In A-431 cells, 10μg/ml MPEE significantly increased the sub G1 peak (15%) with concomitant decrease in G1 phase over untreated cells (2%). In A-431 cells, 10μg/ml MPEE induced an 18% increase in early apoptosis versus untreated cells (2%). This was via caspase activation (15-, 3- and 4-fold increased caspse-3/7, 8, and 9 activities), and disruption of mitochondrial pathways (6-fold decreased mitochondrial membrane potential versus untreated cells). Real-time PCR revealed increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cytochrome c release, and decreased Akt1. Apoptosis was significantly increased after MPEE treatment of SK-MEL-28 cells. Hence, MPEE showed strong anti-skin cancer effect on these two skin cancer cell lines, with potential as an anti-skin cancer agent.
KW - Akt pathway
KW - Apoptosis induction
KW - Cell cycle arrest
KW - Mangosteen
KW - Mitochondrial pathway
KW - Skin cancer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84864053594&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.003
DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.003
M3 - Article
VL - 50
SP - 3004
EP - 3013
JO - Food and Chemical Toxicology
JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology
SN - 0278-6915
IS - 9
ER -