Are Values of Social or Individual Origin? And what is the Purpose of Values?

This second paper discusses the question of whether values are created by an individual subject and reflect its world view and way of life, or, instead, whether they are the outcome of socio-historical processes and reflect the culture of a particular people or age as well as whether values are for the sake of individuals or for the sake of the collective or society. It provides a summary of the current debate on these questions and briefly addresses the question of whether Nietzsche's consideration of plant life offers an answer to them.