Assessment of Transmission Reliability Margin: Existing Methods and Challenges and Future Prospects

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), such as wind and solar, introduces significant uncertainties into power system operations, complicating Available Transfer Capability (ATC) assessment. A key factor in ATC determination, the Transmission Reliability Margin (TRM), accounts for uncertainties like load variations, generation fluctuations, and network dynamics. The traditional deterministic TRM methods often fail to capture the stochastic nature of modern grids, leading to inaccurate estimations. This paper reviews the TRM assessment methodologies, emphasizing probabilistic approaches that enhance accuracy in high-RES environments. It explores adaptive statistical techniques, such as rolling window analysis, for dynamic TRM computation. Key challenges, emerging trends, and potential solutions are discussed to support the development of robust ATC modeling frameworks for secure and efficient renewable energy integration.