Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: A cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries

Julia Kirstey Zakrzewski-Fruer; Fiona Bridget Gillison; Peter T. Katzmarzyk; Emily F. Mire; Stephanie T. Broyles; Catherine M. Champagne; Jean Philippe Chaput; Kara D. Denstel; Mikael Fogelholm; Gang Hu; Estelle Victoria Lambert; Carol Ann Maher; José António Maia; Tim Olds; Vincent Ochieng Onywera; Olga Sarmiento; Mark S. Tremblay; Catrine E. Tudor- Locke; Martyn Standage; Denise G. Lambert; Tiago V. Barreira; Ben P. Butitta; Shannon H. Cocreham; Katy Drazba; Deirdre Deirdre M. Harrington; William D. Johnson; Dione Milauskas; Allison Tohme; Ruben Q. Rodarte; Bobby Amoroso; John Luopa; Rebecca H. Neiberg; Scott Rushing; Tim Olds; Lucy Kate Lewis; Katia Ferrar; Effie Georgiadis; Rebecca Megan Stanley; Victor Keihan Matsudo; Sandra Mahecha Matsudo; Timóteo Leandro Araújo; Luís Carlos De Oliveira; Leandro Rezende; Luis Fabiano; Diogo Bezerra; Gerson Luis Ferrari; Priscilla Bélanger; Michael Marc Borghese; Charles Boyer; Allana G.W. LeBlanc; Claire E. Francis; Geneviève Leduc; Pei Zhao Hu; Chengming Diao; Wei Li; Weiqin Li; Enquing qing Liu; Gongshu Liu; Hongyan Liu; Jian Ma; Yijuan Qiao; Huiguang Tian; Yue Wang; Tao Zhang; Fuxia Zhang; Julio Acosta; Yalta Alvira; María Paula Díaz; Rocio Gámez; Maria Paula Garcia; Luis Guillermo Gómez; Lisseth Heras González; Silvia A. González; Carlos Grijalba; Leidys Gutiérrez; David Leal; Nicolás Lemus; Etelvina Mahecha; Maria Paula Mahecha; Rosalba Mahecha; Andrea Ramírez Varela; Paola Ríos; Andres Suarez; Camilo A. Triana; Elli Hovi; Jemina Kivelä; Sari M. Räsänen; Sanna Roito; Taru Saloheimo; Leena Valta; Anura Vishwanath Kurpad; Rebecca Kuriyan; Deepa P. Lokesh; Michelle Stephanie D'Almeida; R. Annie Mattilda; Lygia F.M. Correa; D. Vijay; Lucy Joy Wachira; Stella Kagwiria Muthuri; Alessandra Da Silva Borges; Sofia Oliveira Cachada; Raquel Nichele De Chaves; Thayse Natacha Gomes; Sara Isabel Pereira; Daniel Monteiro De Vilhena E Santos; Fernanda Karina Dos Santos; Pedro Gil Da Silva; Michele Caroline De Souza; Vicki E. Lambert; Matthew April; Monika Uys; Nirmala Naidoo; Nandi Synyanya; Madelaine T. Carstens; Sean P. Cumming; Clemens Drenowatz; Lydia G. Emm; Julia Kirstey Zakrzewski; Ashley Braud; Sheletta G. Donatto; Corbin Lemon; Ana Jackson; Ashunti Pearson; Gina Pennington; Daniel Ragus; Ryan C. Roubion; John M. Schuna; Derek Wiltz; Alan Mark Batterham; Jacqueline Kerr; Michael W. Pratt; Angelo Pietrobelli

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6542-6

Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: A cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries

Julia Kirstey Zakrzewski-Fruer, Fiona Bridget Gillison, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Emily F. Mire, Stephanie T. Broyles, Catherine M. Champagne, Jean Philippe Chaput, Kara D. Denstel, Mikael Fogelholm, Gang Hu, Estelle Victoria Lambert, Carol Ann Maher, José António Maia, Tim Olds, Vincent Ochieng Onywera, Olga Sarmiento, Mark S. Tremblay, Catrine E. Tudor- Locke, Martyn Standage, Denise G. LambertTiago V. Barreira, Ben P. Butitta, Shannon H. Cocreham, Katy Drazba, Deirdre Deirdre M. Harrington, William D. Johnson, Dione Milauskas, Allison Tohme, Ruben Q. Rodarte, Bobby Amoroso, John Luopa, Rebecca H. Neiberg, Scott Rushing, Tim Olds, Lucy Kate Lewis, Katia Ferrar, Effie Georgiadis, Rebecca Megan Stanley, Victor Keihan Matsudo, Sandra Mahecha Matsudo, Timóteo Leandro Araújo, Luís Carlos De Oliveira, Leandro Rezende, Luis Fabiano, Diogo Bezerra, Gerson Luis Ferrari, Priscilla Bélanger, Michael Marc Borghese, Charles Boyer, Allana G.W. LeBlanc, Claire E. Francis, Geneviève Leduc, Pei Zhao Hu, Chengming Diao, Wei Li, Weiqin Li, Enquing qing Liu, Gongshu Liu, Hongyan Liu, Jian Ma, Yijuan Qiao, Huiguang Tian, Yue Wang, Tao Zhang, Fuxia Zhang, Julio Acosta, Yalta Alvira, María Paula Díaz, Rocio Gámez, Maria Paula Garcia, Luis Guillermo Gómez, Lisseth Heras González, Silvia A. González, Carlos Grijalba, Leidys Gutiérrez, David Leal, Nicolás Lemus, Etelvina Mahecha, Maria Paula Mahecha, Rosalba Mahecha, Andrea Ramírez Varela, Paola Ríos, Andres Suarez, Camilo A. Triana, Elli Hovi, Jemina Kivelä, Sari M. Räsänen, Sanna Roito, Taru Saloheimo, Leena Valta, Anura Vishwanath Kurpad, Rebecca Kuriyan, Deepa P. Lokesh, Michelle Stephanie D'Almeida, R. Annie Mattilda, Lygia F.M. Correa, D. Vijay, Lucy Joy Wachira, Stella Kagwiria Muthuri, Alessandra Da Silva Borges, Sofia Oliveira Cachada, Raquel Nichele De Chaves, Thayse Natacha Gomes, Sara Isabel Pereira, Daniel Monteiro De Vilhena E Santos, Fernanda Karina Dos Santos, Pedro Gil Da Silva, Michele Caroline De Souza, Vicki E. Lambert, Matthew April, Monika Uys, Nirmala Naidoo, Nandi Synyanya, Madelaine T. Carstens, Sean P. Cumming, Clemens Drenowatz, Lydia G. Emm, Julia Kirstey Zakrzewski, Ashley Braud, Sheletta G. Donatto, Corbin Lemon, Ana Jackson, Ashunti Pearson, Gina Pennington, Daniel Ragus, Ryan C. Roubion, John M. Schuna, Derek Wiltz, Alan Mark Batterham, Jacqueline Kerr, Michael W. Pratt, Angelo Pietrobelli

College of Nursing and Health Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Existing research has documented inconsistent findings for the associations among breakfast frequency, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time in children. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among breakfast frequency and objectively-measured PA and sedentary time in a sample of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development, economic development and inequality. The secondary aim was to examine interactions of these associations between study sites. Methods: This multinational, cross-sectional study included 6228 children aged 9-11 years from the 12 International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment sites. Multilevel statistical models were used to examine associations between self-reported habitual breakfast frequency defined using three categories (breakfast consumed 0 to 2 days/week [rare], 3 to 5 days/week [occasional] or 6 to 7 days/week [frequent]) or two categories (breakfast consumed less than daily or daily) and accelerometry-derived PA and sedentary time during the morning (wake time to 1200 h) and afternoon (1200 h to bed time) with study site included as an interaction term. Model covariates included age, sex, highest parental education, body mass index z-score, and accelerometer waking wear time. Results: Participants averaged 60 (s.d. 25) min/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), 315 (s.d. 53) min/day in light PA and 513 (s.d. 69) min/day sedentary. Controlling for covariates, breakfast frequency was not significantly associated with total daily or afternoon PA and sedentary time. For the morning, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with a higher proportion of time in MVPA (0.3%), higher proportion of time in light PA (1.0%) and lower min/day and proportion of time sedentary (3.4 min/day and 1.3%) than rare breakfast consumption (all p ≤ 0.05). No significant associations were found when comparing occasional with rare or frequent breakfast consumption, or daily with less than daily breakfast consumption. Very few significant interactions with study site were found. Conclusions: In this multinational sample of children, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with higher MVPA and light PA time and lower sedentary time in the morning when compared with rare breakfast consumption, although the small magnitude of the associations may lack clinical relevance. Trial registration: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is registered at (Identifier NCT01722500).

Original language	English
Article number	222
Journal	BMC Public Health
Volume	19
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6542-6
Publication status	Published - 21 Feb 2019

Keywords

Exercise
Fasting
Health
International
Nutrition
Youth

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1186/s12889-019-6542-6

Cite this

Zakrzewski-Fruer, J. K., Gillison, F. B., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Mire, E. F., Broyles, S. T., Champagne, C. M., Chaput, J. P., Denstel, K. D., Fogelholm, M., Hu, G., Lambert, E. V., Maher, C. A., Maia, J. A., Olds, T., Onywera, V. O., Sarmiento, O., Tremblay, M. S., Tudor- Locke, C. E., Standage, M., ... Pietrobelli, A. (2019). Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: A cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries. BMC Public Health, 19(1), Article 222. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6542-6

@article{a79768b629494a2faf21713ea4347ba5,

title = "Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: A cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries",

abstract = "Background: Existing research has documented inconsistent findings for the associations among breakfast frequency, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time in children. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among breakfast frequency and objectively-measured PA and sedentary time in a sample of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development, economic development and inequality. The secondary aim was to examine interactions of these associations between study sites. Methods: This multinational, cross-sectional study included 6228 children aged 9-11 years from the 12 International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment sites. Multilevel statistical models were used to examine associations between self-reported habitual breakfast frequency defined using three categories (breakfast consumed 0 to 2 days/week [rare], 3 to 5 days/week [occasional] or 6 to 7 days/week [frequent]) or two categories (breakfast consumed less than daily or daily) and accelerometry-derived PA and sedentary time during the morning (wake time to 1200 h) and afternoon (1200 h to bed time) with study site included as an interaction term. Model covariates included age, sex, highest parental education, body mass index z-score, and accelerometer waking wear time. Results: Participants averaged 60 (s.d. 25) min/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), 315 (s.d. 53) min/day in light PA and 513 (s.d. 69) min/day sedentary. Controlling for covariates, breakfast frequency was not significantly associated with total daily or afternoon PA and sedentary time. For the morning, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with a higher proportion of time in MVPA (0.3%), higher proportion of time in light PA (1.0%) and lower min/day and proportion of time sedentary (3.4 min/day and 1.3%) than rare breakfast consumption (all p ≤ 0.05). No significant associations were found when comparing occasional with rare or frequent breakfast consumption, or daily with less than daily breakfast consumption. Very few significant interactions with study site were found. Conclusions: In this multinational sample of children, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with higher MVPA and light PA time and lower sedentary time in the morning when compared with rare breakfast consumption, although the small magnitude of the associations may lack clinical relevance. Trial registration: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is registered at (Identifier NCT01722500).",

keywords = "Exercise, Fasting, Health, International, Nutrition, Youth",

author = "Zakrzewski-Fruer, {Julia Kirstey} and Gillison, {Fiona Bridget} and Katzmarzyk, {Peter T.} and Mire, {Emily F.} and Broyles, {Stephanie T.} and Champagne, {Catherine M.} and Chaput, {Jean Philippe} and Denstel, {Kara D.} and Mikael Fogelholm and Gang Hu and Lambert, {Estelle Victoria} and Maher, {Carol Ann} and Maia, {Jos{\'e} Ant{\'o}nio} and Tim Olds and Onywera, {Vincent Ochieng} and Olga Sarmiento and Tremblay, {Mark S.} and {Tudor- Locke}, {Catrine E.} and Martyn Standage and Lambert, {Denise G.} and Barreira, {Tiago V.} and Butitta, {Ben P.} and Cocreham, {Shannon H.} and Katy Drazba and {Deirdre M. Harrington}, Deirdre and Johnson, {William D.} and Dione Milauskas and Allison Tohme and Rodarte, {Ruben Q.} and Bobby Amoroso and John Luopa and Neiberg, {Rebecca H.} and Scott Rushing and Tim Olds and Lewis, {Lucy Kate} and Katia Ferrar and Effie Georgiadis and Stanley, {Rebecca Megan} and Matsudo, {Victor Keihan} and Matsudo, {Sandra Mahecha} and Ara{\'u}jo, {Tim{\'o}teo Leandro} and {De Oliveira}, {Lu{\'i}s Carlos} and Leandro Rezende and Luis Fabiano and Diogo Bezerra and Ferrari, {Gerson Luis} and Priscilla B{\'e}langer and Borghese, {Michael Marc} and Charles Boyer and LeBlanc, {Allana G.W.} and Francis, {Claire E.} and Genevi{\`e}ve Leduc and Hu, {Pei Zhao} and Chengming Diao and Wei Li and Weiqin Li and Liu, {Enquing qing} and Gongshu Liu and Hongyan Liu and Jian Ma and Yijuan Qiao and Huiguang Tian and Yue Wang and Tao Zhang and Fuxia Zhang and Julio Acosta and Yalta Alvira and D{\'i}az, {Mar{\'i}a Paula} and Rocio G{\'a}mez and Garcia, {Maria Paula} and G{\'o}mez, {Luis Guillermo} and Gonz{\'a}lez, {Lisseth Heras} and Gonz{\'a}lez, {Silvia A.} and Carlos Grijalba and Leidys Guti{\'e}rrez and David Leal and Nicol{\'a}s Lemus and Etelvina Mahecha and Mahecha, {Maria Paula} and Rosalba Mahecha and {Ram{\'i}rez Varela}, Andrea and Paola R{\'i}os and Andres Suarez and Triana, {Camilo A.} and Elli Hovi and Jemina Kivel{\"a} and R{\"a}s{\"a}nen, {Sari M.} and Sanna Roito and Taru Saloheimo and Leena Valta and Kurpad, {Anura Vishwanath} and Rebecca Kuriyan and Lokesh, {Deepa P.} and D'Almeida, {Michelle Stephanie} and {Annie Mattilda}, R. and Correa, {Lygia F.M.} and D. Vijay and Wachira, {Lucy Joy} and Muthuri, {Stella Kagwiria} and {Da Silva Borges}, Alessandra and Cachada, {Sofia Oliveira} and {De Chaves}, {Raquel Nichele} and Gomes, {Thayse Natacha} and Pereira, {Sara Isabel} and {De Vilhena E Santos}, {Daniel Monteiro} and {Dos Santos}, {Fernanda Karina} and {Da Silva}, {Pedro Gil} and {De Souza}, {Michele Caroline} and Lambert, {Vicki E.} and Matthew April and Monika Uys and Nirmala Naidoo and Nandi Synyanya and Carstens, {Madelaine T.} and Cumming, {Sean P.} and Clemens Drenowatz and Emm, {Lydia G.} and Zakrzewski, {Julia Kirstey} and Ashley Braud and Donatto, {Sheletta G.} and Corbin Lemon and Ana Jackson and Ashunti Pearson and Gina Pennington and Daniel Ragus and Roubion, {Ryan C.} and Schuna, {John M.} and Derek Wiltz and Batterham, {Alan Mark} and Jacqueline Kerr and Pratt, {Michael W.} and Angelo Pietrobelli",

year = "2019",

month = feb,

day = "21",

doi = "10.1186/s12889-019-6542-6",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

journal = "BMC Public Health",

issn = "1471-2458",

publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

Zakrzewski-Fruer, JK, Gillison, FB, Katzmarzyk, PT, Mire, EF, Broyles, ST, Champagne, CM, Chaput, JP, Denstel, KD, Fogelholm, M, Hu, G, Lambert, EV, Maher, CA, Maia, JA, Olds, T, Onywera, VO, Sarmiento, O, Tremblay, MS, Tudor- Locke, CE, Standage, M, Lambert, DG, Barreira, TV, Butitta, BP, Cocreham, SH, Drazba, K, Deirdre M. Harrington, D, Johnson, WD, Milauskas, D, Tohme, A, Rodarte, RQ, Amoroso, B, Luopa, J, Neiberg, RH, Rushing, S, Olds, T, Lewis, LK, Ferrar, K, Georgiadis, E, Stanley, RM, Matsudo, VK, Matsudo, SM, Araújo, TL, De Oliveira, LC, Rezende, L, Fabiano, L, Bezerra, D, Ferrari, GL, Bélanger, P, Borghese, MM, Boyer, C, LeBlanc, AGW, Francis, CE, Leduc, G, Hu, PZ, Diao, C, Li, W, Li, W, Liu, EQ, Liu, G, Liu, H, Ma, J, Qiao, Y, Tian, H, Wang, Y, Zhang, T, Zhang, F, Acosta, J, Alvira, Y, Díaz, MP, Gámez, R, Garcia, MP, Gómez, LG, González, LH, González, SA, Grijalba, C, Gutiérrez, L, Leal, D, Lemus, N, Mahecha, E, Mahecha, MP, Mahecha, R, Ramírez Varela, A, Ríos, P, Suarez, A, Triana, CA, Hovi, E, Kivelä, J, Räsänen, SM, Roito, S, Saloheimo, T, Valta, L, Kurpad, AV, Kuriyan, R, Lokesh, DP, D'Almeida, MS, Annie Mattilda, R, Correa, LFM, Vijay, D, Wachira, LJ, Muthuri, SK, Da Silva Borges, A, Cachada, SO, De Chaves, RN, Gomes, TN, Pereira, SI, De Vilhena E Santos, DM, Dos Santos, FK, Da Silva, PG, De Souza, MC, Lambert, VE, April, M, Uys, M, Naidoo, N, Synyanya, N, Carstens, MT, Cumming, SP, Drenowatz, C, Emm, LG, Zakrzewski, JK, Braud, A, Donatto, SG, Lemon, C, Jackson, A, Pearson, A, Pennington, G, Ragus, D, Roubion, RC, Schuna, JM, Wiltz, D, Batterham, AM, Kerr, J, Pratt, MW & Pietrobelli, A 2019, 'Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: A cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries', BMC Public Health, vol. 19, no. 1, 222. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6542-6

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: A cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries

AU - Zakrzewski-Fruer, Julia Kirstey

AU - Gillison, Fiona Bridget

AU - Katzmarzyk, Peter T.

AU - Mire, Emily F.

AU - Broyles, Stephanie T.

AU - Champagne, Catherine M.

AU - Chaput, Jean Philippe

AU - Denstel, Kara D.

AU - Fogelholm, Mikael

AU - Hu, Gang

AU - Lambert, Estelle Victoria

AU - Maher, Carol Ann

AU - Maia, José António

AU - Olds, Tim

AU - Onywera, Vincent Ochieng

AU - Sarmiento, Olga

AU - Tremblay, Mark S.

AU - Tudor- Locke, Catrine E.

AU - Standage, Martyn

AU - Lambert, Denise G.

AU - Barreira, Tiago V.

AU - Butitta, Ben P.

AU - Cocreham, Shannon H.

AU - Drazba, Katy

AU - Deirdre M. Harrington, Deirdre

AU - Johnson, William D.

AU - Milauskas, Dione

AU - Tohme, Allison

AU - Rodarte, Ruben Q.

AU - Amoroso, Bobby

AU - Luopa, John

AU - Neiberg, Rebecca H.

AU - Rushing, Scott

AU - Olds, Tim

AU - Lewis, Lucy Kate

AU - Ferrar, Katia

AU - Georgiadis, Effie

AU - Stanley, Rebecca Megan

AU - Matsudo, Victor Keihan

AU - Matsudo, Sandra Mahecha

AU - Araújo, Timóteo Leandro

AU - De Oliveira, Luís Carlos

AU - Rezende, Leandro

AU - Fabiano, Luis

AU - Bezerra, Diogo

AU - Ferrari, Gerson Luis

AU - Bélanger, Priscilla

AU - Borghese, Michael Marc

AU - Boyer, Charles

AU - LeBlanc, Allana G.W.

AU - Francis, Claire E.

AU - Leduc, Geneviève

AU - Hu, Pei Zhao

AU - Diao, Chengming

AU - Li, Wei

AU - Li, Weiqin

AU - Liu, Enquing qing

AU - Liu, Gongshu

AU - Liu, Hongyan

AU - Ma, Jian

AU - Qiao, Yijuan

AU - Tian, Huiguang

AU - Wang, Yue

AU - Zhang, Tao

AU - Zhang, Fuxia

AU - Acosta, Julio

AU - Alvira, Yalta

AU - Díaz, María Paula

AU - Gámez, Rocio

AU - Garcia, Maria Paula

AU - Gómez, Luis Guillermo

AU - González, Lisseth Heras

AU - González, Silvia A.

AU - Grijalba, Carlos

AU - Gutiérrez, Leidys

AU - Leal, David

AU - Lemus, Nicolás

AU - Mahecha, Etelvina

AU - Mahecha, Maria Paula

AU - Mahecha, Rosalba

AU - Ramírez Varela, Andrea

AU - Ríos, Paola

AU - Suarez, Andres

AU - Triana, Camilo A.

AU - Hovi, Elli

AU - Kivelä, Jemina

AU - Räsänen, Sari M.

AU - Roito, Sanna

AU - Saloheimo, Taru

AU - Valta, Leena

AU - Kurpad, Anura Vishwanath

AU - Kuriyan, Rebecca

AU - Lokesh, Deepa P.

AU - D'Almeida, Michelle Stephanie

AU - Annie Mattilda, R.

AU - Correa, Lygia F.M.

AU - Vijay, D.

AU - Wachira, Lucy Joy

AU - Muthuri, Stella Kagwiria

AU - Da Silva Borges, Alessandra

AU - Cachada, Sofia Oliveira

AU - De Chaves, Raquel Nichele

AU - Gomes, Thayse Natacha

AU - Pereira, Sara Isabel

AU - De Vilhena E Santos, Daniel Monteiro

AU - Dos Santos, Fernanda Karina

AU - Da Silva, Pedro Gil

AU - De Souza, Michele Caroline

AU - Lambert, Vicki E.

AU - April, Matthew

AU - Uys, Monika

AU - Naidoo, Nirmala

AU - Synyanya, Nandi

AU - Carstens, Madelaine T.

AU - Cumming, Sean P.

AU - Drenowatz, Clemens

AU - Emm, Lydia G.

AU - Zakrzewski, Julia Kirstey

AU - Braud, Ashley

AU - Donatto, Sheletta G.

AU - Lemon, Corbin

AU - Jackson, Ana

AU - Pearson, Ashunti

AU - Pennington, Gina

AU - Ragus, Daniel

AU - Roubion, Ryan C.

AU - Schuna, John M.

AU - Wiltz, Derek

AU - Batterham, Alan Mark

AU - Kerr, Jacqueline

AU - Pratt, Michael W.

AU - Pietrobelli, Angelo

PY - 2019/2/21

Y1 - 2019/2/21

N2 - Background: Existing research has documented inconsistent findings for the associations among breakfast frequency, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time in children. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among breakfast frequency and objectively-measured PA and sedentary time in a sample of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development, economic development and inequality. The secondary aim was to examine interactions of these associations between study sites. Methods: This multinational, cross-sectional study included 6228 children aged 9-11 years from the 12 International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment sites. Multilevel statistical models were used to examine associations between self-reported habitual breakfast frequency defined using three categories (breakfast consumed 0 to 2 days/week [rare], 3 to 5 days/week [occasional] or 6 to 7 days/week [frequent]) or two categories (breakfast consumed less than daily or daily) and accelerometry-derived PA and sedentary time during the morning (wake time to 1200 h) and afternoon (1200 h to bed time) with study site included as an interaction term. Model covariates included age, sex, highest parental education, body mass index z-score, and accelerometer waking wear time. Results: Participants averaged 60 (s.d. 25) min/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), 315 (s.d. 53) min/day in light PA and 513 (s.d. 69) min/day sedentary. Controlling for covariates, breakfast frequency was not significantly associated with total daily or afternoon PA and sedentary time. For the morning, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with a higher proportion of time in MVPA (0.3%), higher proportion of time in light PA (1.0%) and lower min/day and proportion of time sedentary (3.4 min/day and 1.3%) than rare breakfast consumption (all p ≤ 0.05). No significant associations were found when comparing occasional with rare or frequent breakfast consumption, or daily with less than daily breakfast consumption. Very few significant interactions with study site were found. Conclusions: In this multinational sample of children, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with higher MVPA and light PA time and lower sedentary time in the morning when compared with rare breakfast consumption, although the small magnitude of the associations may lack clinical relevance. Trial registration: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is registered at (Identifier NCT01722500).

AB - Background: Existing research has documented inconsistent findings for the associations among breakfast frequency, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time in children. The primary aim of this study was to examine the associations among breakfast frequency and objectively-measured PA and sedentary time in a sample of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development, economic development and inequality. The secondary aim was to examine interactions of these associations between study sites. Methods: This multinational, cross-sectional study included 6228 children aged 9-11 years from the 12 International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment sites. Multilevel statistical models were used to examine associations between self-reported habitual breakfast frequency defined using three categories (breakfast consumed 0 to 2 days/week [rare], 3 to 5 days/week [occasional] or 6 to 7 days/week [frequent]) or two categories (breakfast consumed less than daily or daily) and accelerometry-derived PA and sedentary time during the morning (wake time to 1200 h) and afternoon (1200 h to bed time) with study site included as an interaction term. Model covariates included age, sex, highest parental education, body mass index z-score, and accelerometer waking wear time. Results: Participants averaged 60 (s.d. 25) min/day in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), 315 (s.d. 53) min/day in light PA and 513 (s.d. 69) min/day sedentary. Controlling for covariates, breakfast frequency was not significantly associated with total daily or afternoon PA and sedentary time. For the morning, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with a higher proportion of time in MVPA (0.3%), higher proportion of time in light PA (1.0%) and lower min/day and proportion of time sedentary (3.4 min/day and 1.3%) than rare breakfast consumption (all p ≤ 0.05). No significant associations were found when comparing occasional with rare or frequent breakfast consumption, or daily with less than daily breakfast consumption. Very few significant interactions with study site were found. Conclusions: In this multinational sample of children, frequent breakfast consumption was associated with higher MVPA and light PA time and lower sedentary time in the morning when compared with rare breakfast consumption, although the small magnitude of the associations may lack clinical relevance. Trial registration: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) is registered at (Identifier NCT01722500).

KW - Exercise

KW - Fasting

KW - Health

KW - International

KW - Nutrition

KW - Youth

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061987907&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1186/s12889-019-6542-6

DO - 10.1186/s12889-019-6542-6

M3 - Article

SN - 1471-2458

VL - 19

JO - BMC Public Health

JF - BMC Public Health

IS - 1

M1 - 222

ER -

Association between breakfast frequency and physical activity and sedentary time: A cross-sectional study in children from 12 countries

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this