@article{93ee2e8ed89746fba2f85a5542ff90c1,
title = "Beating the spin-down limit on gravitational wave emission from the Vela pulsar",
abstract = "We present direct upper limits on continuous gravitational wave emission from the Vela pulsar using data from the Virgo detector's second science run. These upper limits have been obtained using three independent methods that assume the gravitational wave emission follows the radio timing. Two of the methods produce frequentist upper limits for an assumed known orientation of the star's spin axis and value of the wave polarization angle of, respectively, 1.9 × 10-24 and 2.2 × 10-24, with 95% confidence. The third method, under the same hypothesis, produces a Bayesian upper limit of 2.1 × 10-24, with 95% degree of belief. These limits are below the indirect spin-down limit of 3.3 × 10-24 for the Vela pulsar, defined by the energy loss rate inferred from observed decrease in Vela's spin frequency, and correspond to a limit on the star ellipticity of ∼10-3. Slightly less stringent results, but still well below the spin-down limit, are obtained assuming the star's spin axis inclination and the wave polarization angles are unknown.",
keywords = "gravitational waves, pulsars: individual (PSR J0835-4510), stars: neutron",
author = "{LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration} and J. Abadie and Abbott, {B. P.} and R. Abbott and M. Abernathy and T. Accadia and F. Acernese and C. Adams and R. Adhikari and C. Affeldt and B. Allen and Allen, {G. S.} and Ceron, {E. Amador} and D. Amariutei and Amin, {R. S.} and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and F. Antonucci and K. Arai and Arain, {M. A.} and Araya, {M. C.} and Aston, {S. M.} and P. Astone and D. Atkinson and P. Aufmuth and C. Aulbert and Aylott, {B. E.} and S. Babak and P. Baker and G. Ballardin and S. Ballmer and D. Barker and S. Barnum and F. Barone and B. Barr and P. Barriga and L. Barsotti and M. Barsuglia and Barton, {M. A.} and I. Bartos and R. Bassiri and M. Bastarrika and A. Basti and J. Bauchrowitz and Bauer, {Th S.} and B. Behnke and M. Bejger and Beker, {M. G.} and Bell, {A. S.} and A. Belletoile and I. Belopolski and M. Benacquista and A. Bertolini and J. Betzwieser and N. Beveridge and Beyersdorf, {P. T.} and Bilenko, {I. A.} and G. Billingsley and J. Birch and S. Birindelli and R. Biswas and M. Bitossi and Bizouard, {M. A.} and E. Black and Blackburn, {J. K.} and L. Blackburn and D. Blair and B. Bland and M. Blom and O. Bock and Bodiya, {T. P.} and C. Bogan and R. Bondarescu and F. Bondu and L. Bonelli and R. Bonnand and R. Bork and M. Born and V. Boschi and S. Bose and L. Bosi and B. Bouhou and M. Boyle and S. Braccini and C. Bradaschia and Brady, {P. R.} and Braginsky, {V. B.} and Brau, {J. E.} and J. Breyer and Bridges, {D. O.} and A. Brillet and M. Brinkmann and V. Brisson and M. Britzger and Brooks, {A. F.} and Brown, {D. A.} and A. Brummit and R. Budzy{\'n}ski and T. Bulik and Bulten, {H. J.} and A. Buonanno and J. Burguet-Castell and O. Burmeister and D. Buskulic and C. Buy and Byer, {R. L.} and L. Cadonati and G. Cagnoli and J. Cain and E. Calloni and Camp, {J. B.} and E. Campagna and P. Campsie and J. Cannizzo and K. Cannon and B. Canuel and J. Cao and C. Capano and F. Carbognani and S. Caride and S. Caudill and M. Cavagli and F. Cavalier and R. Cavalieri and G. Cella and C. Cepeda and E. Cesarini and O. Chaibi and T. Chalermsongsak and E. Chalkley and P. Charlton and E. Chassande-Mottin and S. Chelkowski and Y. Chen and A. Chincarini and N. Christensen and Chua, {S. S.Y.} and Chung, {C. T.Y.} and S. Chung and F. Clara and D. Clark and J. Clark and Clayton, {J. H.} and F. Cleva and E. Coccia and Colacino, {C. N.} and J. Colas and A. Colla and M. Colombini and R. Conte and D. Cook and Corbitt, {T. R.} and N. Cornish and A. Corsi and Costa, {C. A.} and M. Coughlin and Coulon, {J. P.} and Coward, {D. M.} and Coyne, {D. C.} and Creighton, {J. D.E.} and Creighton, {T. D.} and Cruise, {A. M.} and Culter, {R. M.} and A. Cumming and L. Cunningham and E. Cuoco and K. Dahl and Danilishin, {S. L.} and R. Dannenberg and S. D'Antonio and K. Danzmann and K. Das and V. Dattilo and B. Daudert and H. Daveloza and M. Davier and G. Davies and Daw, {E. J.} and R. Day and T. Dayanga and {De Rosa}, R. and D. Debra and G. Debreczeni and J. Degallaix and {Del Prete}, M. and T. Dent and V. Dergachev and R. Derosa and R. Desalvo and S. Dhurandhar and {Di Fiore}, L. and {Di Lieto}, A. and {Di Palma}, I. and {Di Paolo Emilio}, M. and {Di Virgilio}, A. and M. D{\'i}az and A. Dietz and F. Donovan and Dooley, {K. L.} and S. Dorsher and Douglas, {E. S.D.} and M. Drago and Drever, {R. W.P.} and Driggers, {J. C.} and Dumas, {J. C.} and S. Dwyer and T. Eberle and M. Edgar and M. Edwards and A. Effler and P. Ehrens and R. Engel and T. Etzel and M. Evans and T. Evans and M. Factourovich and V. Fafone and S. Fairhurst and Y. Fan and Farr, {B. F.} and D. Fazi and H. Fehrmann and D. Feldbaum and I. Ferrante and F. Fidecaro and Finn, {L. S.} and I. Fiori and R. Flaminio and M. Flanigan and S. Foley and E. Forsi and Forte, {L. A.} and N. Fotopoulos and Fournier, {J. D.} and J. Franc and S. Frasca and F. Frasconi and M. Frede and M. Frei and Z. Frei and A. Freise and R. Frey and Fricke, {T. T.} and D. Friedrich and P. Fritschel and Frolov, {V. V.} and P. Fulda and M. Fyffe and M. Galimberti and L. Gammaitoni and Hosken, {D. J.}",
year = "2011",
month = aug,
day = "20",
doi = "10.1088/0004-637X/737/2/93",
language = "English",
volume = "737",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "American Astronomical Society",
number = "2",
}