Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review

Brittany J. Johnson; Paul M. Chadwick; Samantha Pryde; Anna Lene Seidler; Kylie E. Hunter; Mason Aberoumand; Jonathan G. Williams; Hei In Lau; Sol Libesman; Jannik Aagerup; Angie Barba; Louise A. Baur; Samantha Morgillo; Lee Sanders; Sarah Taki; Kylie D. Hesketh; Karen Campbell; Alexandra Manson; Alison Hayes; Angela Webster; Charles Wood; Denise A. O’Connor; Karen Matvienko-Sikar; Kristy Robledo; Lisa Askie; Luke Wolfenden; Rachael Taylor; H. Shonna Yin; Vicki Brown; Alexander Fiks; Alison Ventura; Ata Ghaderi; Barry J. Taylor; Cathleen Stough; Christine Helle; Cristina Palacios; Eliana M. Perrin; Elizabeth Reifsnider; Finn Rasmussen; Ian M. Paul; Jennifer S. Savage; Jessica Thomson; Jinan Banna; Junilla Larsen; Kaumudi Joshipura; Ken K. Ong; Levie Karssen; Li Ming Wen; Márcia Vitolo; Margrethe Røed; Maria Bryant; Maribel Campos Rivera; Mary Jo Messito; Natalia Golova; Nina Cecilie Øverby; Rachel Gross; Rajalakshmi Lakshman; Rebecca Byrne; Russell L. Rothman; Sharleen O’Reilly; Stephanie Anzman-Frasca; Vera Verbestel; Claudio Maffeis; Kayla de la Haye; Sarah Jeanne Salvy; Seema Mihrshahi; Janani Ramachandran; Paola Seffrin Baratto; Rebecca K. Golley; on behalf of the TOPCHILD Collaboration; Lynne Daniels; Lucinda Bell; Chris Rissel

doi:10.1186/s12966-025-01708-9

Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review

Brittany J. Johnson, Paul M. Chadwick, Samantha Pryde, Anna Lene Seidler, Kylie E. Hunter, Mason Aberoumand, Jonathan G. Williams, Hei In Lau, Sol Libesman, Jannik Aagerup, Angie Barba, Louise A. Baur, Samantha Morgillo, Lee Sanders, Sarah Taki, Kylie D. Hesketh, Karen Campbell, Alexandra Manson, Alison Hayes, Angela WebsterCharles Wood, Denise A. O’Connor, Karen Matvienko-Sikar, Kristy Robledo, Lisa Askie, Luke Wolfenden, Rachael Taylor, H. Shonna Yin, Vicki Brown, Alexander Fiks, Alison Ventura, Ata Ghaderi, Barry J. Taylor, Cathleen Stough, Christine Helle, Cristina Palacios, Eliana M. Perrin, Elizabeth Reifsnider, Finn Rasmussen, Ian M. Paul, Jennifer S. Savage, Jessica Thomson, Jinan Banna, Junilla Larsen, Kaumudi Joshipura, Ken K. Ong, Levie Karssen, Li Ming Wen, Márcia Vitolo, Margrethe Røed, Maria Bryant, Maribel Campos Rivera, Mary Jo Messito, Natalia Golova, Nina Cecilie Øverby, Rachel Gross, Rajalakshmi Lakshman, Rebecca Byrne, Russell L. Rothman, Sharleen O’Reilly, Stephanie Anzman-Frasca, Vera Verbestel, Claudio Maffeis, Kayla de la Haye, Sarah Jeanne Salvy, Seema Mihrshahi, Janani Ramachandran, Paola Seffrin Baratto, Rebecca K. Golley, on behalf of the TOPCHILD Collaboration, Lynne Daniels, Lucinda Bell, Chris Rissel

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: Early childhood obesity prevention interventions that aim to change parent/caregiver practices related to infant (milk) feeding, food provision and parent feeding, movement (including activity, sedentary behaviour) and/or sleep health (i.e. target parental behaviour domains) are diverse and heterogeneously reported. We aimed to 1) systematically characterise the target behaviours, delivery features, and Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) used in interventions in the international Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration, and 2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used in interventions by target behaviour domains.

Methods: Annual systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and two clinical trial registries, from inception to February 2023. Trialists from eligible randomised controlled trials of parent-focused, behavioural early obesity prevention interventions shared unpublished intervention materials. Standardised approaches were used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials. Validation meetings confirmed coding with trialists. Narrative syntheses were performed.

Results: Thirty-two trials reporting 37 active intervention arms were included. Interventions targeted a range of behaviours. The most frequent combination was targeting all parental behaviour domains (infant [milk] feeding, food provision and parent feeding, movement, sleep health; n[intervention arms] = 15/37). Delivery features varied considerably. Most interventions were delivered by a health professional (n = 26/36), included facilitator training (n = 31/36), and were interactive (n = 28/36). Overall, 49 of 93 unique BCTs were coded to at least one target behaviour domain. The most frequently coded BCTs were: Instruction on how to perform a behaviour (n[intervention arms, separated by domain] = 102), Behavioural practice and rehearsal (n = 85), Information about health consequences (n = 85), Social support (unspecified) (n = 84), and Credible source (n = 77). Similar BCTs were often used for each target behaviour domain.

Conclusions: Our study provides the most comprehensive description of the behaviour change content of complex interventions targeting early childhood obesity prevention available to date. Our analysis revealed that interventions targeted multiple behaviour domains, with significant variation in delivery features. Despite the diverse range of BCTs coded, five BCTs were consistently identified across domains, though certain BCTs were more prevalent in specific domains. These findings can be used to examine effectiveness of components and inform intervention development and evaluation in future trials.

Trial registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020177408.

Original language	English
Article number	14
Number of pages	21
Journal	International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity
Volume	22
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01708-9
Publication status	Published - 5 Feb 2025

Keywords

Behaviour change techniques
Diet
Infant feeding
Infants
Intervention components
Movement
Sleep

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Johnson, B. J., Chadwick, P. M., Pryde, S., Seidler, A. L., Hunter, K. E., Aberoumand, M., Williams, J. G., Lau, H. I., Libesman, S., Aagerup, J., Barba, A., Baur, L. A., Morgillo, S., Sanders, L., Taki, S., Hesketh, K. D., Campbell, K., Manson, A., Hayes, A., ... Rissel, C. (2025). Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 22(1), Article 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01708-9

@article{272de3331e384440b84ee6319f6deb39,

title = "Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review",

abstract = "Background: Early childhood obesity prevention interventions that aim to change parent/caregiver practices related to infant (milk) feeding, food provision and parent feeding, movement (including activity, sedentary behaviour) and/or sleep health (i.e. target parental behaviour domains) are diverse and heterogeneously reported. We aimed to 1) systematically characterise the target behaviours, delivery features, and Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) used in interventions in the international Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration, and 2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used in interventions by target behaviour domains. Methods: Annual systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and two clinical trial registries, from inception to February 2023. Trialists from eligible randomised controlled trials of parent-focused, behavioural early obesity prevention interventions shared unpublished intervention materials. Standardised approaches were used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials. Validation meetings confirmed coding with trialists. Narrative syntheses were performed. Results: Thirty-two trials reporting 37 active intervention arms were included. Interventions targeted a range of behaviours. The most frequent combination was targeting all parental behaviour domains (infant [milk] feeding, food provision and parent feeding, movement, sleep health; n[intervention arms] = 15/37). Delivery features varied considerably. Most interventions were delivered by a health professional (n = 26/36), included facilitator training (n = 31/36), and were interactive (n = 28/36). Overall, 49 of 93 unique BCTs were coded to at least one target behaviour domain. The most frequently coded BCTs were: Instruction on how to perform a behaviour (n[intervention arms, separated by domain] = 102), Behavioural practice and rehearsal (n = 85), Information about health consequences (n = 85), Social support (unspecified) (n = 84), and Credible source (n = 77). Similar BCTs were often used for each target behaviour domain. Conclusions: Our study provides the most comprehensive description of the behaviour change content of complex interventions targeting early childhood obesity prevention available to date. Our analysis revealed that interventions targeted multiple behaviour domains, with significant variation in delivery features. Despite the diverse range of BCTs coded, five BCTs were consistently identified across domains, though certain BCTs were more prevalent in specific domains. These findings can be used to examine effectiveness of components and inform intervention development and evaluation in future trials. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020177408.",

keywords = "Behaviour change techniques, Diet, Infant feeding, Infants, Intervention components, Movement, Sleep",

author = "Johnson, {Brittany J.} and Chadwick, {Paul M.} and Samantha Pryde and Seidler, {Anna Lene} and Hunter, {Kylie E.} and Mason Aberoumand and Williams, {Jonathan G.} and Lau, {Hei In} and Sol Libesman and Jannik Aagerup and Angie Barba and Baur, {Louise A.} and Samantha Morgillo and Lee Sanders and Sarah Taki and Hesketh, {Kylie D.} and Karen Campbell and Alexandra Manson and Alison Hayes and Angela Webster and Charles Wood and O{\textquoteright}Connor, {Denise A.} and Karen Matvienko-Sikar and Kristy Robledo and Lisa Askie and Luke Wolfenden and Rachael Taylor and Yin, {H. Shonna} and Vicki Brown and Alexander Fiks and Alison Ventura and Ata Ghaderi and Taylor, {Barry J.} and Cathleen Stough and Christine Helle and Cristina Palacios and Perrin, {Eliana M.} and Elizabeth Reifsnider and Finn Rasmussen and Paul, {Ian M.} and Savage, {Jennifer S.} and Jessica Thomson and Jinan Banna and Junilla Larsen and Kaumudi Joshipura and Ong, {Ken K.} and Levie Karssen and Wen, {Li Ming} and M{\'a}rcia Vitolo and Margrethe R{\o}ed and Maria Bryant and Rivera, {Maribel Campos} and Messito, {Mary Jo} and Natalia Golova and {\O}verby, {Nina Cecilie} and Rachel Gross and Rajalakshmi Lakshman and Rebecca Byrne and Rothman, {Russell L.} and Sharleen O{\textquoteright}Reilly and Stephanie Anzman-Frasca and Vera Verbestel and Claudio Maffeis and {de la Haye}, Kayla and Salvy, {Sarah Jeanne} and Seema Mihrshahi and Janani Ramachandran and Baratto, {Paola Seffrin} and Golley, {Rebecca K.} and {on behalf of the TOPCHILD Collaboration} and Vera Verbeste and Vasana Kiridana and Shannon Whaley and Trine Pedersen and Tiffany Rybak and Pujitha Wickramasinghe and Priyanka Patil and Michael Goran and Lynne Daniels and Logan Manikam and Lene Kierkegaard and Ken Ong and Hongping Xia and Hein Raat and Heather Wasser and Eva Corpeleijn and Eric Hodges and Emily Oken and Elizabeth Widen and Deborah Jacobvitz and David McCormick and Dennis, {Cindy Lee} and Acero, {Carolina Gonz{\'a}lez} and Exposito, {Ana Perez} and Linares, {Ana Maria} and Amanda Thompson and Alison Karasz and Wendy Smith and Peter Godolphin and Michelle Sue-See and Lukas Staub and Lucinda Bell and Ian Marschner and David Espinoza and Chris Rissel and Nipun Shrestha and David Nguyen and Julia Valmorbida and Kim Roberts and Katie Angotti and Heath, {Anne Louise}",

year = "2025",

month = feb,

day = "5",

doi = "10.1186/s12966-025-01708-9",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

journal = "International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity",

issn = "1479-5868",

publisher = "BioMed Central Ltd.",

number = "1",

}

Johnson, BJ, Chadwick, PM, Pryde, S, Seidler, AL, Hunter, KE, Aberoumand, M, Williams, JG, Lau, HI, Libesman, S, Aagerup, J, Barba, A, Baur, LA, Morgillo, S, Sanders, L, Taki, S, Hesketh, KD, Campbell, K, Manson, A, Hayes, A, Webster, A, Wood, C, O’Connor, DA, Matvienko-Sikar, K, Robledo, K, Askie, L, Wolfenden, L, Taylor, R, Yin, HS, Brown, V, Fiks, A, Ventura, A, Ghaderi, A, Taylor, BJ, Stough, C, Helle, C, Palacios, C, Perrin, EM, Reifsnider, E, Rasmussen, F, Paul, IM, Savage, JS, Thomson, J, Banna, J, Larsen, J, Joshipura, K, Ong, KK, Karssen, L, Wen, LM, Vitolo, M, Røed, M, Bryant, M, Rivera, MC, Messito, MJ, Golova, N, Øverby, NC, Gross, R, Lakshman, R, Byrne, R, Rothman, RL, O’Reilly, S, Anzman-Frasca, S, Verbestel, V, Maffeis, C, de la Haye, K, Salvy, SJ, Mihrshahi, S, Ramachandran, J, Baratto, PS, Golley, RK, on behalf of the TOPCHILD Collaboration, Daniels, L, Bell, L & Rissel, C 2025, 'Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review', International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, vol. 22, no. 1, 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-025-01708-9

Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review. / Johnson, Brittany J.; Chadwick, Paul M.; Pryde, Samantha et al.
In: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Vol. 22, No. 1, 14, 05.02.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions

T2 - intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review

AU - Johnson, Brittany J.

AU - Chadwick, Paul M.

AU - Pryde, Samantha

AU - Seidler, Anna Lene

AU - Hunter, Kylie E.

AU - Aberoumand, Mason

AU - Williams, Jonathan G.

AU - Lau, Hei In

AU - Libesman, Sol

AU - Aagerup, Jannik

AU - Barba, Angie

AU - Baur, Louise A.

AU - Morgillo, Samantha

AU - Sanders, Lee

AU - Taki, Sarah

AU - Hesketh, Kylie D.

AU - Campbell, Karen

AU - Manson, Alexandra

AU - Hayes, Alison

AU - Webster, Angela

AU - Wood, Charles

AU - O’Connor, Denise A.

AU - Matvienko-Sikar, Karen

AU - Robledo, Kristy

AU - Askie, Lisa

AU - Wolfenden, Luke

AU - Taylor, Rachael

AU - Yin, H. Shonna

AU - Brown, Vicki

AU - Fiks, Alexander

AU - Ventura, Alison

AU - Ghaderi, Ata

AU - Taylor, Barry J.

AU - Stough, Cathleen

AU - Helle, Christine

AU - Palacios, Cristina

AU - Perrin, Eliana M.

AU - Reifsnider, Elizabeth

AU - Rasmussen, Finn

AU - Paul, Ian M.

AU - Savage, Jennifer S.

AU - Thomson, Jessica

AU - Banna, Jinan

AU - Larsen, Junilla

AU - Joshipura, Kaumudi

AU - Ong, Ken K.

AU - Karssen, Levie

AU - Wen, Li Ming

AU - Vitolo, Márcia

AU - Røed, Margrethe

AU - Bryant, Maria

AU - Rivera, Maribel Campos

AU - Messito, Mary Jo

AU - Golova, Natalia

AU - Øverby, Nina Cecilie

AU - Gross, Rachel

AU - Lakshman, Rajalakshmi

AU - Byrne, Rebecca

AU - Rothman, Russell L.

AU - O’Reilly, Sharleen

AU - Anzman-Frasca, Stephanie

AU - Verbestel, Vera

AU - Maffeis, Claudio

AU - de la Haye, Kayla

AU - Salvy, Sarah Jeanne

AU - Mihrshahi, Seema

AU - Ramachandran, Janani

AU - Baratto, Paola Seffrin

AU - Golley, Rebecca K.

AU - on behalf of the TOPCHILD Collaboration

AU - Verbeste, Vera

AU - Kiridana, Vasana

AU - Whaley, Shannon

AU - Pedersen, Trine

AU - Rybak, Tiffany

AU - Wickramasinghe, Pujitha

AU - Patil, Priyanka

AU - Goran, Michael

AU - Daniels, Lynne

AU - Manikam, Logan

AU - Kierkegaard, Lene

AU - Ong, Ken

AU - Xia, Hongping

AU - Raat, Hein

AU - Wasser, Heather

AU - Corpeleijn, Eva

AU - Hodges, Eric

AU - Oken, Emily

AU - Widen, Elizabeth

AU - Jacobvitz, Deborah

AU - McCormick, David

AU - Dennis, Cindy Lee

AU - Acero, Carolina González

AU - Exposito, Ana Perez

AU - Linares, Ana Maria

AU - Thompson, Amanda

AU - Karasz, Alison

AU - Smith, Wendy

AU - Godolphin, Peter

AU - Sue-See, Michelle

AU - Staub, Lukas

AU - Bell, Lucinda

AU - Marschner, Ian

AU - Espinoza, David

AU - Rissel, Chris

AU - Shrestha, Nipun

AU - Nguyen, David

AU - Valmorbida, Julia

AU - Roberts, Kim

AU - Angotti, Katie

AU - Heath, Anne Louise

PY - 2025/2/5

Y1 - 2025/2/5

N2 - Background: Early childhood obesity prevention interventions that aim to change parent/caregiver practices related to infant (milk) feeding, food provision and parent feeding, movement (including activity, sedentary behaviour) and/or sleep health (i.e. target parental behaviour domains) are diverse and heterogeneously reported. We aimed to 1) systematically characterise the target behaviours, delivery features, and Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) used in interventions in the international Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration, and 2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used in interventions by target behaviour domains. Methods: Annual systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and two clinical trial registries, from inception to February 2023. Trialists from eligible randomised controlled trials of parent-focused, behavioural early obesity prevention interventions shared unpublished intervention materials. Standardised approaches were used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials. Validation meetings confirmed coding with trialists. Narrative syntheses were performed. Results: Thirty-two trials reporting 37 active intervention arms were included. Interventions targeted a range of behaviours. The most frequent combination was targeting all parental behaviour domains (infant [milk] feeding, food provision and parent feeding, movement, sleep health; n[intervention arms] = 15/37). Delivery features varied considerably. Most interventions were delivered by a health professional (n = 26/36), included facilitator training (n = 31/36), and were interactive (n = 28/36). Overall, 49 of 93 unique BCTs were coded to at least one target behaviour domain. The most frequently coded BCTs were: Instruction on how to perform a behaviour (n[intervention arms, separated by domain] = 102), Behavioural practice and rehearsal (n = 85), Information about health consequences (n = 85), Social support (unspecified) (n = 84), and Credible source (n = 77). Similar BCTs were often used for each target behaviour domain. Conclusions: Our study provides the most comprehensive description of the behaviour change content of complex interventions targeting early childhood obesity prevention available to date. Our analysis revealed that interventions targeted multiple behaviour domains, with significant variation in delivery features. Despite the diverse range of BCTs coded, five BCTs were consistently identified across domains, though certain BCTs were more prevalent in specific domains. These findings can be used to examine effectiveness of components and inform intervention development and evaluation in future trials. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020177408.

AB - Background: Early childhood obesity prevention interventions that aim to change parent/caregiver practices related to infant (milk) feeding, food provision and parent feeding, movement (including activity, sedentary behaviour) and/or sleep health (i.e. target parental behaviour domains) are diverse and heterogeneously reported. We aimed to 1) systematically characterise the target behaviours, delivery features, and Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) used in interventions in the international Transforming Obesity Prevention for CHILDren (TOPCHILD) Collaboration, and 2) explore similarities and differences in BCTs used in interventions by target behaviour domains. Methods: Annual systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane (CENTRAL), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and two clinical trial registries, from inception to February 2023. Trialists from eligible randomised controlled trials of parent-focused, behavioural early obesity prevention interventions shared unpublished intervention materials. Standardised approaches were used to code target behaviours, delivery features and BCTs in both published and unpublished intervention materials. Validation meetings confirmed coding with trialists. Narrative syntheses were performed. Results: Thirty-two trials reporting 37 active intervention arms were included. Interventions targeted a range of behaviours. The most frequent combination was targeting all parental behaviour domains (infant [milk] feeding, food provision and parent feeding, movement, sleep health; n[intervention arms] = 15/37). Delivery features varied considerably. Most interventions were delivered by a health professional (n = 26/36), included facilitator training (n = 31/36), and were interactive (n = 28/36). Overall, 49 of 93 unique BCTs were coded to at least one target behaviour domain. The most frequently coded BCTs were: Instruction on how to perform a behaviour (n[intervention arms, separated by domain] = 102), Behavioural practice and rehearsal (n = 85), Information about health consequences (n = 85), Social support (unspecified) (n = 84), and Credible source (n = 77). Similar BCTs were often used for each target behaviour domain. Conclusions: Our study provides the most comprehensive description of the behaviour change content of complex interventions targeting early childhood obesity prevention available to date. Our analysis revealed that interventions targeted multiple behaviour domains, with significant variation in delivery features. Despite the diverse range of BCTs coded, five BCTs were consistently identified across domains, though certain BCTs were more prevalent in specific domains. These findings can be used to examine effectiveness of components and inform intervention development and evaluation in future trials. Trial registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020177408.

KW - Behaviour change techniques

KW - Diet

KW - Infant feeding

KW - Infants

KW - Intervention components

KW - Movement

KW - Sleep

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85218291198&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/1186363

UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/2006999

U2 - 10.1186/s12966-025-01708-9

DO - 10.1186/s12966-025-01708-9

M3 - Review article

C2 - 39910407

AN - SCOPUS:85218291198

SN - 1479-5868

VL - 22

JO - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

JF - International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

IS - 1

M1 - 14

ER -

Johnson BJ, Chadwick PM, Pryde S, Seidler AL, Hunter KE, Aberoumand M et al. Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2025 Feb 5;22(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01708-9

Behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions: intervention coding of studies in the TOPCHILD Collaboration systematic review

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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