Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990–2015:  findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Yohannes Adama Melaku; Andre Renzaho; Tiffany K. Gill; Anne W. Taylor; Eleonora Dal Grande; Barbora  de Courten; Estifanos Baye; David Gonzalez-Chica; Elina Hypponen; Zumin Shi; Malcolm Riley; Robert Adams; Yohannes Kinfu

doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1656-7

Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Yohannes Adama Melaku, Andre Renzaho, Tiffany K. Gill, Anne W. Taylor, Eleonora Dal Grande, Barbora de Courten, Estifanos Baye, David Gonzalez-Chica, Elina Hypponen, Zumin Shi, Malcolm Riley, Robert Adams, Yohannes Kinfu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

58 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Diet is a major determining factor for many non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, evidence on diet-related NCD burden remains limited. We assessed the trends in diet-related NCDs in Australia from 1990 to 2015 and compared the results with other countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study to estimate the NCD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 14 dietary risk factors in Australia and 34 OECD nations. Countries were further ranked from the lowest (first) to highest (35th) burden using an age-standardized population attributable fraction (PAF).

Results: In 2015, the estimated number of deaths attributable to dietary risks was 29,414 deaths [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 24,697 − 34,058 or 19.7% of NCD deaths] and 443,385 DALYs (95% UI 377,680–511,388 or 9.5% of NCD DALYs) in Australia. Young (25–49 years) and middle-age (50–69 years) male adults had a higher PAF of diet-related NCD deaths and DALYs than their female counterparts. Diets low in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds and whole grains, but high in sodium, were the major contributors to both NCD deaths and DALYs. Overall, 42.3% of cardiovascular deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. The age-standardized PAF of diet-related NCD mortality and DALYs decreased over the study period by 28.2% (from 27.0% in 1990 to 19.4% in 2015) and 41.0% (from 14.3% in 1990 to 8.4% in 2015), respectively. In 2015, Australia ranked 12th of 35 examined countries in diet-related mortality. A small improvement of rank was recorded compared to the previous 25 years.

Conclusions: Despite a reduction in diet-related NCD burden over 25 years, dietary risks are still the major contributors to a high burden of NCDs in Australia. Interventions targeting NCDs should focus on dietary behaviours of individuals and population groups.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1299-1313
Number of pages	15
Journal	European Journal of Nutrition
Volume	58
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1656-7
Publication status	Published - 1 Apr 2019
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We are grateful to The Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation for availing the data. We appreciate Assistant Professor Ashkan Afshin for his guidance in the early stage of manuscript preparation. YAM is thankful for the support provided by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. AR is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100345). BdC is supported by National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (100864). EB is a recipient of the Monash Graduate and Monash International Postgraduate Scholarships.

Funding Information:
Funding No funding was received for this specific study. GBD 2015 was funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We are grateful to The Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation for availing the data. We appreciate Assistant Professor Ashkan Afshin for his guidance in the early stage of manuscript preparation. YAM is thankful for the support provided by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. AR is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100345). BdC is supported by National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (100864). EB is a recipient of the Monash Graduate and Monash International Postgraduate Scholarships.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Keywords

Non-communicable diseases
diet-related
Global Burden of Disease Study
Australia
OECD countries
Dietary risk factors
Burden of disease

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

Melaku, Y. A., Renzaho, A., Gill, T. K., Taylor, A. W., Dal Grande, E., de Courten, B., Baye, E., Gonzalez-Chica, D., Hypponen, E., Shi, Z., Riley, M., Adams, R., & Kinfu, Y. (2019). Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. European Journal of Nutrition, 58(3), 1299-1313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1656-7

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title = "Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015",

abstract = "Background: Diet is a major determining factor for many non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, evidence on diet-related NCD burden remains limited. We assessed the trends in diet-related NCDs in Australia from 1990 to 2015 and compared the results with other countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study to estimate the NCD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 14 dietary risk factors in Australia and 34 OECD nations. Countries were further ranked from the lowest (first) to highest (35th) burden using an age-standardized population attributable fraction (PAF). Results: In 2015, the estimated number of deaths attributable to dietary risks was 29,414 deaths [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 24,697 − 34,058 or 19.7% of NCD deaths] and 443,385 DALYs (95% UI 377,680–511,388 or 9.5% of NCD DALYs) in Australia. Young (25–49 years) and middle-age (50–69 years) male adults had a higher PAF of diet-related NCD deaths and DALYs than their female counterparts. Diets low in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds and whole grains, but high in sodium, were the major contributors to both NCD deaths and DALYs. Overall, 42.3% of cardiovascular deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. The age-standardized PAF of diet-related NCD mortality and DALYs decreased over the study period by 28.2% (from 27.0% in 1990 to 19.4% in 2015) and 41.0% (from 14.3% in 1990 to 8.4% in 2015), respectively. In 2015, Australia ranked 12th of 35 examined countries in diet-related mortality. A small improvement of rank was recorded compared to the previous 25 years. Conclusions: Despite a reduction in diet-related NCD burden over 25 years, dietary risks are still the major contributors to a high burden of NCDs in Australia. Interventions targeting NCDs should focus on dietary behaviours of individuals and population groups.",

keywords = "Non-communicable diseases, diet-related, Global Burden of Disease Study, Australia, OECD countries, Dietary risk factors, Burden of disease",

author = "Melaku, {Yohannes Adama} and Andre Renzaho and Gill, {Tiffany K.} and Taylor, {Anne W.} and {Dal Grande}, Eleonora and {de Courten}, Barbora and Estifanos Baye and David Gonzalez-Chica and Elina Hypponen and Zumin Shi and Malcolm Riley and Robert Adams and Yohannes Kinfu",

note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to The Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation for availing the data. We appreciate Assistant Professor Ashkan Afshin for his guidance in the early stage of manuscript preparation. YAM is thankful for the support provided by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. AR is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100345). BdC is supported by National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (100864). EB is a recipient of the Monash Graduate and Monash International Postgraduate Scholarships. Funding Information: Funding No funding was received for this specific study. GBD 2015 was funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Funding Information: Acknowledgements We are grateful to The Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation for availing the data. We appreciate Assistant Professor Ashkan Afshin for his guidance in the early stage of manuscript preparation. YAM is thankful for the support provided by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. AR is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100345). BdC is supported by National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (100864). EB is a recipient of the Monash Graduate and Monash International Postgraduate Scholarships. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.",

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Melaku, YA, Renzaho, A, Gill, TK, Taylor, AW, Dal Grande, E, de Courten, B, Baye, E, Gonzalez-Chica, D, Hypponen, E, Shi, Z, Riley, M, Adams, R & Kinfu, Y 2019, 'Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015', European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 1299-1313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1656-7

Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. / Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Renzaho, Andre; Gill, Tiffany K. et al.
In: European Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 58, No. 3, 01.04.2019, p. 1299-1313.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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T1 - Burden and trend of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Australia and comparison with 34 OECD countries, 1990–2015

T2 - findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

AU - Melaku, Yohannes Adama

AU - Renzaho, Andre

AU - Gill, Tiffany K.

AU - Taylor, Anne W.

AU - Dal Grande, Eleonora

AU - de Courten, Barbora

AU - Baye, Estifanos

AU - Gonzalez-Chica, David

AU - Hypponen, Elina

AU - Shi, Zumin

AU - Riley, Malcolm

AU - Adams, Robert

AU - Kinfu, Yohannes

N1 - Funding Information: We are grateful to The Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation for availing the data. We appreciate Assistant Professor Ashkan Afshin for his guidance in the early stage of manuscript preparation. YAM is thankful for the support provided by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. AR is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100345). BdC is supported by National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (100864). EB is a recipient of the Monash Graduate and Monash International Postgraduate Scholarships. Funding Information: Funding No funding was received for this specific study. GBD 2015 was funded by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Funding Information: Acknowledgements We are grateful to The Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation for availing the data. We appreciate Assistant Professor Ashkan Afshin for his guidance in the early stage of manuscript preparation. YAM is thankful for the support provided by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. AR is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100345). BdC is supported by National Heart Foundation Future Leader Fellowship (100864). EB is a recipient of the Monash Graduate and Monash International Postgraduate Scholarships. Publisher Copyright: © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

PY - 2019/4/1

Y1 - 2019/4/1

N2 - Background: Diet is a major determining factor for many non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, evidence on diet-related NCD burden remains limited. We assessed the trends in diet-related NCDs in Australia from 1990 to 2015 and compared the results with other countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study to estimate the NCD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 14 dietary risk factors in Australia and 34 OECD nations. Countries were further ranked from the lowest (first) to highest (35th) burden using an age-standardized population attributable fraction (PAF). Results: In 2015, the estimated number of deaths attributable to dietary risks was 29,414 deaths [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 24,697 − 34,058 or 19.7% of NCD deaths] and 443,385 DALYs (95% UI 377,680–511,388 or 9.5% of NCD DALYs) in Australia. Young (25–49 years) and middle-age (50–69 years) male adults had a higher PAF of diet-related NCD deaths and DALYs than their female counterparts. Diets low in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds and whole grains, but high in sodium, were the major contributors to both NCD deaths and DALYs. Overall, 42.3% of cardiovascular deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. The age-standardized PAF of diet-related NCD mortality and DALYs decreased over the study period by 28.2% (from 27.0% in 1990 to 19.4% in 2015) and 41.0% (from 14.3% in 1990 to 8.4% in 2015), respectively. In 2015, Australia ranked 12th of 35 examined countries in diet-related mortality. A small improvement of rank was recorded compared to the previous 25 years. Conclusions: Despite a reduction in diet-related NCD burden over 25 years, dietary risks are still the major contributors to a high burden of NCDs in Australia. Interventions targeting NCDs should focus on dietary behaviours of individuals and population groups.

AB - Background: Diet is a major determining factor for many non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). However, evidence on diet-related NCD burden remains limited. We assessed the trends in diet-related NCDs in Australia from 1990 to 2015 and compared the results with other countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study to estimate the NCD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 14 dietary risk factors in Australia and 34 OECD nations. Countries were further ranked from the lowest (first) to highest (35th) burden using an age-standardized population attributable fraction (PAF). Results: In 2015, the estimated number of deaths attributable to dietary risks was 29,414 deaths [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 24,697 − 34,058 or 19.7% of NCD deaths] and 443,385 DALYs (95% UI 377,680–511,388 or 9.5% of NCD DALYs) in Australia. Young (25–49 years) and middle-age (50–69 years) male adults had a higher PAF of diet-related NCD deaths and DALYs than their female counterparts. Diets low in fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds and whole grains, but high in sodium, were the major contributors to both NCD deaths and DALYs. Overall, 42.3% of cardiovascular deaths were attributable to dietary risk factors. The age-standardized PAF of diet-related NCD mortality and DALYs decreased over the study period by 28.2% (from 27.0% in 1990 to 19.4% in 2015) and 41.0% (from 14.3% in 1990 to 8.4% in 2015), respectively. In 2015, Australia ranked 12th of 35 examined countries in diet-related mortality. A small improvement of rank was recorded compared to the previous 25 years. Conclusions: Despite a reduction in diet-related NCD burden over 25 years, dietary risks are still the major contributors to a high burden of NCDs in Australia. Interventions targeting NCDs should focus on dietary behaviours of individuals and population groups.

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KW - diet-related

KW - Global Burden of Disease Study

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KW - OECD countries

KW - Dietary risk factors

KW - Burden of disease

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