TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes of viral and prokaryote abundances in a high rate algal pond using flow cytometry detection
AU - Hisee, Ashleigh R.
AU - Hisee, Matthew
AU - McKerral, Jody C.
AU - Rosenbauer, Stephanie R.
AU - Paterson, James S.
AU - Mitchell, James G.
AU - Fallowfield, Howard J.
PY - 2020/9/15
Y1 - 2020/9/15
N2 - High rate algal ponds (HRAPs) are shallow, mixed systems for wastewater treatment, which use sunlight exposure for disinfection. Little is known regarding the relationships between the bacteria and viruses within HRAP systems. Uniquely, flow cytometry permits the rapid identification of bacterial and viral populations in wastewater samples, separating populations based on genome and particle size. Treated wastewater samples were collected from an HRAP at Kingston on Murray, South Australia. Flow cytometry analysis detected bacterial populations and discriminated virus-like particles (VLP) and large VLP (LVLP). Rapid, short term, fluctuations in the abundance of all three populations were observed. Changes in the abundance of these populations was compared; wastewater composition was used as metadata for the comparisons. Linear regression determined relationships in abundances between bacteria and LVLP (R2 0.2985); LVLP and VLP (R2 0.5829) and bacteria and VLP (R2 0.5778) all with p-values of <0.001. Bacterial, LVLP and VLP abundance positively correlated with each other, indicating potential microbial interactions. Overall, the results suggest a parasitic relationship was occurring and driving the abundances of bacteria and viruses within the system.
AB - High rate algal ponds (HRAPs) are shallow, mixed systems for wastewater treatment, which use sunlight exposure for disinfection. Little is known regarding the relationships between the bacteria and viruses within HRAP systems. Uniquely, flow cytometry permits the rapid identification of bacterial and viral populations in wastewater samples, separating populations based on genome and particle size. Treated wastewater samples were collected from an HRAP at Kingston on Murray, South Australia. Flow cytometry analysis detected bacterial populations and discriminated virus-like particles (VLP) and large VLP (LVLP). Rapid, short term, fluctuations in the abundance of all three populations were observed. Changes in the abundance of these populations was compared; wastewater composition was used as metadata for the comparisons. Linear regression determined relationships in abundances between bacteria and LVLP (R2 0.2985); LVLP and VLP (R2 0.5829) and bacteria and VLP (R2 0.5778) all with p-values of <0.001. Bacterial, LVLP and VLP abundance positively correlated with each other, indicating potential microbial interactions. Overall, the results suggest a parasitic relationship was occurring and driving the abundances of bacteria and viruses within the system.
KW - Bacteria
KW - Flow cytometry
KW - High rate algal ponds
KW - Virus-like particles
KW - Wastewater treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85093079281&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2166/wst.2020.379
DO - 10.2166/wst.2020.379
M3 - Article
C2 - 33055396
AN - SCOPUS:85093079281
SN - 0273-1223
VL - 82
SP - 1062
EP - 1069
JO - Water Science and Technology
JF - Water Science and Technology
IS - 6
ER -