Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders

Children with developmental disabilities experience a high degree of sleep disturbance. Insomnia symptoms are the most commonly reported problems, though circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders may also be common. There is significant overlap between insomnia symptoms and several symptoms associated with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs), suggesting that such disorders should be considered. A small body of literature has demonstrated that children with developmental disorders can present with circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. In particular irregular and free-running rhythms are commonly reported. Supporting the presence of CRSWDs, melatonin abnormalities have also been reported. This chapter demonstrates that CRSWDs may be common in children with developmental disorders and intellectual impairment and that consideration should be given to such diagnoses as these can inform the most appropriate treatment for each individual.