Abstract
The colon propels and mixes its contents to maximize fluid and electrolyte absorption, and also stores stool for extended periods before expelling the waste during defecation. These movements (motility) result from coordinated contractions and relaxations of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers. These smooth muscle layers are controlled by both myogenic (initiated by non-neural pacemaker cells) and neurogenic (initiated by enteric neurons) mechanisms. The enteric nervous system is also modulated by the mechanical effect (distension) and chemical composition of the fecal content, as well as extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways driven from the CNS. This chapter will detail these specific pathways and characterize the motor patterns generated by them. It will cover the techniques used to record these motor patterns and briefly detail how disorders of colonic motility may lead to common disorders such as constipation, diarrhea, and IBS.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease-2 Volume Set, 11th Edition |
Subtitle of host publication | Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management |
Editors | Mark Feldman, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Brandt |
Publisher | Elsevier |
Chapter | 100 |
Pages | 1595-1610.e2 |
Number of pages | 17 |
Edition | 11 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323609623 |
ISBN (Print) | 9781455746927, 9780323609623 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1 Jan 2020 |
Keywords
- Colon
- defecation
- enteric nervous system
- motor patterns;
- rectum
- transit