Colonic Motor and Sensory Function and Dysfunction

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingChapterpeer-review

Abstract

The colon propels and mixes its contents to maximize fluid and electrolyte absorption, and also stores stool for extended periods before expelling the waste during defecation. These movements (motility) result from coordinated contractions and relaxations of the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers. These smooth muscle layers are controlled by both myogenic (initiated by non-neural pacemaker cells) and neurogenic (initiated by enteric neurons) mechanisms. The enteric nervous system is also modulated by the mechanical effect (distension) and chemical composition of the fecal content, as well as extrinsic parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways driven from the CNS. This chapter will detail these specific pathways and characterize the motor patterns generated by them. It will cover the techniques used to record these motor patterns and briefly detail how disorders of colonic motility may lead to common disorders such as constipation, diarrhea, and IBS.

Original languageEnglish
Title of host publicationSleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease-2 Volume Set, 11th Edition
Subtitle of host publicationPathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management
EditorsMark Feldman, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Brandt
PublisherElsevier
Chapter100
Pages1595-1610.e2
Number of pages17
Edition11
ISBN (Electronic)9780323609623
ISBN (Print)9781455746927, 9780323609623
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jan 2020

Keywords

  • Colon
  • defecation
  • enteric nervous system
  • motor patterns;
  • rectum
  • transit

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