TY - JOUR
T1 - Cruciferous vegetables improve glycaemic control compared to root/squash vegetables in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial
T2 - The VEgetableS for vaScular hEaLth (VESSEL) study
AU - Connolly, Emma L.
AU - Liu, Alex H.
AU - Woodman, Richard J.
AU - Shafaei, Armaghan
AU - Wood, Lisa G.
AU - Mithen, Richard
AU - James, Anthony P.
AU - Schultz, Carl J.
AU - Gan, Seng Khee
AU - Bondonno, Catherine P.
AU - Lewis, Joshua R.
AU - Hodgson, Jonathan M.
AU - Blekkenhorst, Lauren C.
PY - 2025/8
Y1 - 2025/8
N2 - Aims: Higher cruciferous vegetable (e.g., broccoli) intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but limited causal evidence exists. We investigated if cruciferous vegetable intake improved glycaemic control compared to root/squash vegetables in non-diabetic adults with elevated blood pressure. Materials and Methods: This randomized, controlled, crossover trial consisted of two 2-week dietary interventions (300 g/day cruciferous [active] and root/squash [control] soups with standardized lunch/dinner meals) separated by a 2-week washout. Participants were blinded to the intervention allocation. Glycaemic measures were a pre-specified secondary outcome. Flash glucose monitoring measured interstitial glucose every 15-min throughout both interventions. Mealtimes and consumption were recorded in food diaries. Differences in continuous glucose, glycaemic variability (coefficient of variation [CV]), and overall, lunch, and dinner postprandial glucose response (PPGR; 2-h mean glucose [PPGR 2-h] and area under the curve [AUC]) were assessed using linear mixed-effects regression. Results: Eighteen participants (female = 89%) completed the study (median [IQR] age: 68 [66–70 years]). Glycaemic variability was lower in the active versus control (mean difference: −2.0%, 95% CI −2.8, −1.1, p < 0.001). Overall PPGR 2-h and AUC were lower in the active versus control (mean difference: −0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.24, −0.04, p = 0.005 and −20.1 mmol/L × min, 95% CI −34.1, −6.1, p = 0.005, respectively), driven by the dinner PPGR (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). There was no difference in mean continuous glucose for active versus control (p = 0.411). Conclusions: Cruciferous vegetable consumption improved postprandial glycaemic control compared with root/squash vegetables. The clinical impact remains uncertain and warrants further investigation, particularly in individuals with impaired glycaemic control. Clinical Trial Registry: This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12619001294145).
AB - Aims: Higher cruciferous vegetable (e.g., broccoli) intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but limited causal evidence exists. We investigated if cruciferous vegetable intake improved glycaemic control compared to root/squash vegetables in non-diabetic adults with elevated blood pressure. Materials and Methods: This randomized, controlled, crossover trial consisted of two 2-week dietary interventions (300 g/day cruciferous [active] and root/squash [control] soups with standardized lunch/dinner meals) separated by a 2-week washout. Participants were blinded to the intervention allocation. Glycaemic measures were a pre-specified secondary outcome. Flash glucose monitoring measured interstitial glucose every 15-min throughout both interventions. Mealtimes and consumption were recorded in food diaries. Differences in continuous glucose, glycaemic variability (coefficient of variation [CV]), and overall, lunch, and dinner postprandial glucose response (PPGR; 2-h mean glucose [PPGR 2-h] and area under the curve [AUC]) were assessed using linear mixed-effects regression. Results: Eighteen participants (female = 89%) completed the study (median [IQR] age: 68 [66–70 years]). Glycaemic variability was lower in the active versus control (mean difference: −2.0%, 95% CI −2.8, −1.1, p < 0.001). Overall PPGR 2-h and AUC were lower in the active versus control (mean difference: −0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.24, −0.04, p = 0.005 and −20.1 mmol/L × min, 95% CI −34.1, −6.1, p = 0.005, respectively), driven by the dinner PPGR (p = 0.004 and p = 0.003, respectively). There was no difference in mean continuous glucose for active versus control (p = 0.411). Conclusions: Cruciferous vegetable consumption improved postprandial glycaemic control compared with root/squash vegetables. The clinical impact remains uncertain and warrants further investigation, particularly in individuals with impaired glycaemic control. Clinical Trial Registry: This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au (ACTRN12619001294145).
KW - cardiovascular disease
KW - cruciferous vegetables
KW - diabetes
KW - glucosinolates
KW - glycaemic control
KW - postprandial glucose response
KW - randomized controlled trial
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105005495624&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/dom.16467
DO - 10.1111/dom.16467
M3 - Article
C2 - 40375391
AN - SCOPUS:105005495624
SN - 1462-8902
VL - 27
SP - 4300
EP - 4310
JO - Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
JF - Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism
IS - 8
ER -
