TY - JOUR
T1 - Depression following adult, non-penetrating traumatic brain injury
T2 - A meta-analysis examining methodological variables and sample characteristics
AU - Osborne, Amanda
AU - Mathias, Jane
AU - Fairweather-Schmidt, Alicia
PY - 2014/11
Y1 - 2014/11
N2 - Depression is one of the most frequently reported psychological problems following TBI, however prevalence estimates vary widely. Methodological and sampling differences may explain some of this variability, but it is not known to what extent. Methods: Data from 99 studies examining the prevalence of clinically diagnosed depression (MDD/dysthymia) and self-reports of depression (clinically significant cases or depression scale scores) following adult, non-penetrating TBI were analysed, taking into consideration diagnostic criteria, measure, post-injury interval, and injury severity. Results: Overall, 27% of people were diagnosed with MDD/dysthymia following TBI and 38% reported clinically significant levels of depression when assessed with self-report scales. Estimates of MDD/dysthymia varied according to diagnostic criteria (ICD-10: 14%; DSM-IV: 25%; DSM-III: 47%) and injury severity (mild: 16%; severe: 30%). When self-report measures were used, the prevalence of clinically significant cases of depression differed between scales (HADS: 32%; CES-D: 48%) method of administration (phone: 26%; mail 46%), post-injury interval (range: 33-42%), and injury severity (mild: 64%; severe: 39%). Conclusion: Depression is very common after TBI and has the potential to impact on recovery and quality of life. However, the diagnostic criteria, measure, time post-injury and injury severity, all impact on prevalence rates and must therefore be considered for benchmarking purposes.
AB - Depression is one of the most frequently reported psychological problems following TBI, however prevalence estimates vary widely. Methodological and sampling differences may explain some of this variability, but it is not known to what extent. Methods: Data from 99 studies examining the prevalence of clinically diagnosed depression (MDD/dysthymia) and self-reports of depression (clinically significant cases or depression scale scores) following adult, non-penetrating TBI were analysed, taking into consideration diagnostic criteria, measure, post-injury interval, and injury severity. Results: Overall, 27% of people were diagnosed with MDD/dysthymia following TBI and 38% reported clinically significant levels of depression when assessed with self-report scales. Estimates of MDD/dysthymia varied according to diagnostic criteria (ICD-10: 14%; DSM-IV: 25%; DSM-III: 47%) and injury severity (mild: 16%; severe: 30%). When self-report measures were used, the prevalence of clinically significant cases of depression differed between scales (HADS: 32%; CES-D: 48%) method of administration (phone: 26%; mail 46%), post-injury interval (range: 33-42%), and injury severity (mild: 64%; severe: 39%). Conclusion: Depression is very common after TBI and has the potential to impact on recovery and quality of life. However, the diagnostic criteria, measure, time post-injury and injury severity, all impact on prevalence rates and must therefore be considered for benchmarking purposes.
KW - Adult
KW - Dysthymia
KW - Injury severity
KW - Major depression
KW - Meta-analysis
KW - Post-injury interval
KW - Prevalence
KW - Self-report measures
KW - Traumatic brain injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84905271336&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.007
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.007
M3 - Review article
SN - 0149-7634
VL - 47
SP - 1
EP - 15
JO - NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
JF - NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
ER -