TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary Potassium Intake and All-Cause Mortality in Adults Treated with Hemodialysis
AU - Bernier-Jean, Amelie
AU - Wong, Germaine
AU - Saglimbene, Valeria
AU - Ruospo, Marinella
AU - Palmer, Suetonia C.
AU - Natale, Patrizia
AU - Garcia-Larsen, Vanessa
AU - Johnson, David W.
AU - Tonelli, Marcello
AU - Hegbrant, Jorgen
AU - Craig, Jonathan C.
AU - Teixeira-Pinto, Armando
AU - Strippoli, Giovanni F.M.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Background and objectives Dietary potassium restriction in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis is standard practice and is recommended in guidelines, despite a lack of evidence.We aimed to assess the association between dietary potassium intake and mortality and whether hyperkalemia mediates this association. Design, setting, participants, & measurements A total of 8043 adults undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Europe and South America were included in the DIETary intake, death and hospitalization in adults with endstage kidney disease treated with HemoDialysis (DIET-HD) study.We measured baseline potassium intake from the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network food frequency questionnaire and performed time-to-event and mediation analyses. Results The median potassium intake at baseline was 3.5 (interquartile range, 2.5–5.0) g/d. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years (25,890 person-years), we observed 2921 (36%) deaths. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, including cardiac disease and food groups, dietary potassium intake was not associated with allcause mortality (per 1 g/d higher dietary potassium intake: Hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.95 to 1.05). A mediation analysis showed no association of potassium intake with mortality, either through or independent of serum potassium (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.00 and hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.06, respectively). Potassium intake was not significantly associated with serum levels (0.03; 95% CI, 20.01 to 0.07 mEq/L per 1 g/d higher dietary potassium intake) or the prevalence of hyperkalemia ($6.0 mEq/L) at baseline (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.37 per 1 g/d higher dietary potassium intake). Hyperkalemia was associated with cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.48). Conclusions Higher dietary intake of potassium is not associated with hyperkalemia or death in patients treated with hemodialysis.
AB - Background and objectives Dietary potassium restriction in people receiving maintenance hemodialysis is standard practice and is recommended in guidelines, despite a lack of evidence.We aimed to assess the association between dietary potassium intake and mortality and whether hyperkalemia mediates this association. Design, setting, participants, & measurements A total of 8043 adults undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Europe and South America were included in the DIETary intake, death and hospitalization in adults with endstage kidney disease treated with HemoDialysis (DIET-HD) study.We measured baseline potassium intake from the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network food frequency questionnaire and performed time-to-event and mediation analyses. Results The median potassium intake at baseline was 3.5 (interquartile range, 2.5–5.0) g/d. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years (25,890 person-years), we observed 2921 (36%) deaths. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, including cardiac disease and food groups, dietary potassium intake was not associated with allcause mortality (per 1 g/d higher dietary potassium intake: Hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.95 to 1.05). A mediation analysis showed no association of potassium intake with mortality, either through or independent of serum potassium (hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.00 and hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.06, respectively). Potassium intake was not significantly associated with serum levels (0.03; 95% CI, 20.01 to 0.07 mEq/L per 1 g/d higher dietary potassium intake) or the prevalence of hyperkalemia ($6.0 mEq/L) at baseline (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.37 per 1 g/d higher dietary potassium intake). Hyperkalemia was associated with cardiovascular death (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.48). Conclusions Higher dietary intake of potassium is not associated with hyperkalemia or death in patients treated with hemodialysis.
KW - hemodialysis
KW - nutrition
KW - mortality
KW - potassium
KW - dietary
KW - cohort studies
KW - diet
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122074190&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/1151246
U2 - 10.2215/CJN.08360621
DO - 10.2215/CJN.08360621
M3 - Article
C2 - 34853064
AN - SCOPUS:85122074190
SN - 1555-9041
VL - 16
SP - 1851
EP - 1861
JO - Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
JF - Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
IS - 12
ER -