Digital Twins for Smarter Iranian Cities: A Future Studies Perspective

This study explores the future of Urban Digital Twin (UDT) in urban planning systems of developing countries, with a focus on Iran. Despite UDT's growing popularity, its implementation in developing countries is limited. The research identifies critical factors influencing UDT development, including organisational acceptance, urban infrastructure, policy and legislation, and technology and innovation. Using a futures studies approach, the study employs the Delphi method, MICMAC (Matrix Impact Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification) technique, and SISMW (Strategic Uncertainties and Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats Matrix) methodologies to analyse these factors. The study reveals that international sanctions, organisational factors, technological factors, and infrastructure limitations hinder UDT development in Iran. However, UDT technology has the potential to transform urban planning in developing countries. The study provides a roadmap for collaboration between public and private sectors and research institutes to facilitate UDT implementation, highlighting the importance of legislative frameworks, digital infrastructure, innovation, and stakeholder engagement. Policy implications suggest that governments should prioritise supportive policies, investments in digital infrastructure, and collaborative efforts to address data privacy, security, and ownership issues. By addressing these challenges, developing countries can leverage UDT technology to improve urban planning, resource management, and quality of life.