TY - JOUR
T1 - Distinctive Expansion of Potential Virulence Genes in the Genome of the Oomycete Fish Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica
AU - Jiang, Rays H.Y.
AU - de Bruijn, Irene
AU - Haas, Brian J.
AU - Belmonte, Rodrigo
AU - Löbach, Lars
AU - Christie, James
AU - van den Ackerveken, Guido
AU - Bottin, Arnaud
AU - Bulone, Vincent
AU - Díaz-Moreno, Sara M.
AU - Dumas, Bernard
AU - Fan, Lin
AU - Gaulin, Elodie
AU - Govers, Francine
AU - Grenville-Briggs, Laura J.
AU - Horner, Neil R.
AU - Levin, Joshua Z.
AU - Mammella, Marco
AU - Meijer, Harold J.G.
AU - Morris, Paul
AU - Nusbaum, Chad
AU - Oome, Stan
AU - Phillips, Andrew J
AU - van Rooyen, David
AU - Rzeszutek, Elzbieta
AU - Saraiva, Marcia
AU - Secombes, Chris J.
AU - Seidl, Michael F.
AU - Snel, Berend
AU - Stassen, Joost H.M.
AU - Sykes, Sean
AU - Tripathy, Sucheta
AU - van den Berg, Herbert
AU - Vega-Arreguin, Julio C.
AU - Wawra, Stephan
AU - Young, Sarah K.
AU - Zeng, Qiandong
AU - Dieguez-Uribeondo, Javier
AU - Russ, Carsten
AU - Tyler, Brett M.
AU - van West, Pieter
PY - 2013/6
Y1 - 2013/6
N2 - Oomycetes in the class Saprolegniomycetidae of the Eukaryotic kingdom Stramenopila have evolved as severe pathogens of amphibians, crustaceans, fish and insects, resulting in major losses in aquaculture and damage to aquatic ecosystems. We have sequenced the 63 Mb genome of the fresh water fish pathogen, Saprolegnia parasitica. Approximately 1/3 of the assembled genome exhibits loss of heterozygosity, indicating an efficient mechanism for revealing new variation. Comparison of S. parasitica with plant pathogenic oomycetes suggests that during evolution the host cellular environment has driven distinct patterns of gene expansion and loss in the genomes of plant and animal pathogens. S. parasitica possesses one of the largest repertoires of proteases (270) among eukaryotes that are deployed in waves at different points during infection as determined from RNA-Seq data. In contrast, despite being capable of living saprotrophically, parasitism has led to loss of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, strikingly similar to losses in obligate plant pathogenic oomycetes and fungi. The large gene families that are hallmarks of plant pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora appear to be lacking in S. parasitica, including those encoding RXLR effectors, Crinkler's, and Necrosis Inducing-Like Proteins (NLP). S. parasitica also has a very large kinome of 543 kinases, 10% of which is induced upon infection. Moreover, S. parasitica encodes several genes typical of animals or animal-pathogens and lacking from other oomycetes, including disintegrins and galactose-binding lectins, whose expression and evolutionary origins implicate horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of animal pathogenesis in S. parasitica.
AB - Oomycetes in the class Saprolegniomycetidae of the Eukaryotic kingdom Stramenopila have evolved as severe pathogens of amphibians, crustaceans, fish and insects, resulting in major losses in aquaculture and damage to aquatic ecosystems. We have sequenced the 63 Mb genome of the fresh water fish pathogen, Saprolegnia parasitica. Approximately 1/3 of the assembled genome exhibits loss of heterozygosity, indicating an efficient mechanism for revealing new variation. Comparison of S. parasitica with plant pathogenic oomycetes suggests that during evolution the host cellular environment has driven distinct patterns of gene expansion and loss in the genomes of plant and animal pathogens. S. parasitica possesses one of the largest repertoires of proteases (270) among eukaryotes that are deployed in waves at different points during infection as determined from RNA-Seq data. In contrast, despite being capable of living saprotrophically, parasitism has led to loss of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, strikingly similar to losses in obligate plant pathogenic oomycetes and fungi. The large gene families that are hallmarks of plant pathogenic oomycetes such as Phytophthora appear to be lacking in S. parasitica, including those encoding RXLR effectors, Crinkler's, and Necrosis Inducing-Like Proteins (NLP). S. parasitica also has a very large kinome of 543 kinases, 10% of which is induced upon infection. Moreover, S. parasitica encodes several genes typical of animals or animal-pathogens and lacking from other oomycetes, including disintegrins and galactose-binding lectins, whose expression and evolutionary origins implicate horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of animal pathogenesis in S. parasitica.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84879653114&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003272
DO - 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003272
M3 - Article
C2 - 23785293
AN - SCOPUS:84879653114
SN - 1553-7390
VL - 9
JO - PloS Genetics
JF - PloS Genetics
IS - 6
M1 - e1003272
ER -