Effect of digital alteration information and disclaimer labels attached to fashion magazine advertisements on women's body dissatisfaction

The present study aimed to investigate whether the provision of prior information about digital alteration would enhance the effectiveness of disclaimer labels attached to fashion images in protecting against body dissatisfaction. Participants were 363 female undergraduate students who viewed fashion magazine advertisements with either no label or a digital alteration disclaimer label. Prior to viewing the advertisements, participants read one of three news stories containing digital alteration information that focused on either the unrealistic nature of the images or on social comparison, or a control news story (on magazine circulation figures). Irrespective of the preceding information, disclaimer labels offered no benefit for body satisfaction. However, reading the news articles containing information about digital alteration led to higher levels of body dissatisfaction than reading the control article. It was concluded that information in the form of news stories or disclaimer labels cannot be assumed to be useful or to offer positive benefit. Accordingly, more extensive and thorough evaluation is required and policy makers might better direct their attention to other forms of cost-effective universal intervention.