TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Metabolic Factors on the Risk of Colorectal Precancerous Polyps Among Individuals at Above-Average Risk for Colorectal Cancer
T2 - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
AU - Molla, Meseret Derbew
AU - Wassie, Molla M
AU - Symonds, Erin L
AU - Abebe, Zegeye
AU - Winter, Jean M
PY - 2026/1/15
Y1 - 2026/1/15
N2 - Introduction: While the association between metabolic factors and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the general population is well established, their effect on precancerous polyps among individuals undergoing surveillance colonoscopy is not well understood. Additionally, most guidelines do not consider metabolic factors when determining surveillance colonoscopy intervals. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes current evidence for this association in individuals at above-average risk for CRC. Methods: Relevant studies published from 2010 through 2023 were identified using seven databases. Two independent reviewers performed abstract and full-text screening and quality assessment. Effect estimates were reported using a pooled odds ratio (POR) or pooled hazard ratio (PHR) based on the primary studies measurement with 95% confidence intervals and heterogeneity was reported as I2. Results: 15,486 studies were screened, with 24 meeting the inclusion criteria. General obesity (POR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.09–1.57, I2 = 67%), central obesity (POR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16–1.49, I2 = 0%), hypertension (POR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02–1.44, I2 = 57%), high triglyceride (POR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.83, I2 = 0%), and metabolic syndrome (PHR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.51, I2 = 24%) were significant risk factors for the development of any precancerous polyp. The association between diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and overall precancerous polyps was inconsistent. General obesity (PHR = 3.04, 95% CI 2.01–4.60, I2 = 0%) but not diabetes (PHR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.72–1.57, I2 = 0%) was significantly associated with the risk of advanced precancerous polyps. Conclusion: Metabolic factors should be considered when recommending surveillance colonoscopy intervals, which in most guidelines are mainly determined based on the findings at colonoscopy, the significance of family history of CRC and genetic predispositions.
AB - Introduction: While the association between metabolic factors and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the general population is well established, their effect on precancerous polyps among individuals undergoing surveillance colonoscopy is not well understood. Additionally, most guidelines do not consider metabolic factors when determining surveillance colonoscopy intervals. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes current evidence for this association in individuals at above-average risk for CRC. Methods: Relevant studies published from 2010 through 2023 were identified using seven databases. Two independent reviewers performed abstract and full-text screening and quality assessment. Effect estimates were reported using a pooled odds ratio (POR) or pooled hazard ratio (PHR) based on the primary studies measurement with 95% confidence intervals and heterogeneity was reported as I2. Results: 15,486 studies were screened, with 24 meeting the inclusion criteria. General obesity (POR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.09–1.57, I2 = 67%), central obesity (POR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16–1.49, I2 = 0%), hypertension (POR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.02–1.44, I2 = 57%), high triglyceride (POR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.83, I2 = 0%), and metabolic syndrome (PHR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.51, I2 = 24%) were significant risk factors for the development of any precancerous polyp. The association between diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and overall precancerous polyps was inconsistent. General obesity (PHR = 3.04, 95% CI 2.01–4.60, I2 = 0%) but not diabetes (PHR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.72–1.57, I2 = 0%) was significantly associated with the risk of advanced precancerous polyps. Conclusion: Metabolic factors should be considered when recommending surveillance colonoscopy intervals, which in most guidelines are mainly determined based on the findings at colonoscopy, the significance of family history of CRC and genetic predispositions.
KW - adenomatous polyps
KW - diabetes
KW - dyslipidemia
KW - nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases
KW - obesity
KW - serrated polyp
KW - surveillance colonoscopy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=105027693169&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/2009050
U2 - 10.1111/obr.70086
DO - 10.1111/obr.70086
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:105027693169
SN - 1467-7881
JO - Obesity Reviews
JF - Obesity Reviews
M1 - e70086
ER -