Efficacy of an adjuvanted Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus spike protein vaccine in dromedary camels and alpacas

Danielle R. Adney; Lingshu Wang; Neeltje Van Doremalen; Wei Shi; Yi Zhang; Wing-Pui Kong; Megan R. Miller; Trenton Bushmaker; Dana Scott; Emmie de Wit; Kayvon Modjarrad; Nikolai Petrovsky; Barney S. Graham; Richard A. Bowen; Vincent J. Munster

doi:10.3390/v11030212

Efficacy of an adjuvanted Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus spike protein vaccine in dromedary camels and alpacas

Danielle R. Adney, Lingshu Wang, Neeltje Van Doremalen, Wei Shi, Yi Zhang, Wing-Pui Kong, Megan R. Miller, Trenton Bushmaker, Dana Scott, Emmie de Wit, Kayvon Modjarrad, Nikolai Petrovsky, Barney S. Graham, Richard A. Bowen, Vincent J. Munster

College of Medicine and Public Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

26 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

MERS-CoV is present in dromedary camels throughout the Middle East and Africa. Dromedary camels are the primary zoonotic reservoir for human infections. Interruption of the zoonotic transmission chain from camels to humans, therefore, may be an effective strategy to control the ongoing MERS-CoV outbreak. Here we show that vaccination with an adjuvanted MERS-CoV Spike protein subunit vaccine confers complete protection from MERS-CoV disease in alpaca and results in reduced and delayed viral shedding in the upper airways of dromedary camels. Protection in alpaca correlates with high serum neutralizing antibody titers. Lower titers of serum neutralizing antibodies correlate with delayed and significantly reduced shedding in the nasal turbinates of dromedary camels. Together, these data indicate that induction of robust neutralizing humoral immune responses by vaccination of naïve animals reduces shedding that potentially could diminish the risk of zoonotic transmission.

Original language	English
Article number	212
Number of pages	13
Journal	Viruses
Volume	11
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030212
Publication status	Published - 1 Mar 2019

Bibliographical note

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).

Keywords

Camels
MERS-CoV
One Health
Vaccines

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Adney, D. R., Wang, L., Van Doremalen, N., Shi, W., Zhang, Y., Kong, W-P., Miller, M. R., Bushmaker, T., Scott, D., de Wit, E., Modjarrad, K., Petrovsky, N., Graham, B. S., Bowen, R. A., & Munster, V. J. (2019). Efficacy of an adjuvanted Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus spike protein vaccine in dromedary camels and alpacas. Viruses, 11(3), [212]. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030212

Adney, Danielle R. ; Wang, Lingshu ; Van Doremalen, Neeltje ; Shi, Wei ; Zhang, Yi ; Kong, Wing-Pui ; Miller, Megan R. ; Bushmaker, Trenton ; Scott, Dana ; de Wit, Emmie ; Modjarrad, Kayvon ; Petrovsky, Nikolai ; Graham, Barney S. ; Bowen, Richard A. ; Munster, Vincent J. / Efficacy of an adjuvanted Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus spike protein vaccine in dromedary camels and alpacas. In: Viruses. 2019 ; Vol. 11, No. 3.

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Adney, DR, Wang, L, Van Doremalen, N, Shi, W, Zhang, Y, Kong, W-P, Miller, MR, Bushmaker, T, Scott, D, de Wit, E, Modjarrad, K, Petrovsky, N, Graham, BS, Bowen, RA & Munster, VJ 2019, 'Efficacy of an adjuvanted Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus spike protein vaccine in dromedary camels and alpacas', Viruses, vol. 11, no. 3, 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030212

Efficacy of an adjuvanted Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus spike protein vaccine in dromedary camels and alpacas. / Adney, Danielle R.; Wang, Lingshu; Van Doremalen, Neeltje; Shi, Wei; Zhang, Yi; Kong, Wing-Pui; Miller, Megan R.; Bushmaker, Trenton; Scott, Dana; de Wit, Emmie; Modjarrad, Kayvon; Petrovsky, Nikolai; Graham, Barney S.; Bowen, Richard A.; Munster, Vincent J.

In: Viruses, Vol. 11, No. 3, 212, 01.03.2019.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

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AU - Adney, Danielle R.

AU - Wang, Lingshu

AU - Van Doremalen, Neeltje

AU - Shi, Wei

AU - Zhang, Yi

AU - Kong, Wing-Pui

AU - Miller, Megan R.

AU - Bushmaker, Trenton

AU - Scott, Dana

AU - de Wit, Emmie

AU - Modjarrad, Kayvon

AU - Petrovsky, Nikolai

AU - Graham, Barney S.

AU - Bowen, Richard A.

AU - Munster, Vincent J.

N1 - This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).

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N2 - MERS-CoV is present in dromedary camels throughout the Middle East and Africa. Dromedary camels are the primary zoonotic reservoir for human infections. Interruption of the zoonotic transmission chain from camels to humans, therefore, may be an effective strategy to control the ongoing MERS-CoV outbreak. Here we show that vaccination with an adjuvanted MERS-CoV Spike protein subunit vaccine confers complete protection from MERS-CoV disease in alpaca and results in reduced and delayed viral shedding in the upper airways of dromedary camels. Protection in alpaca correlates with high serum neutralizing antibody titers. Lower titers of serum neutralizing antibodies correlate with delayed and significantly reduced shedding in the nasal turbinates of dromedary camels. Together, these data indicate that induction of robust neutralizing humoral immune responses by vaccination of naïve animals reduces shedding that potentially could diminish the risk of zoonotic transmission.

AB - MERS-CoV is present in dromedary camels throughout the Middle East and Africa. Dromedary camels are the primary zoonotic reservoir for human infections. Interruption of the zoonotic transmission chain from camels to humans, therefore, may be an effective strategy to control the ongoing MERS-CoV outbreak. Here we show that vaccination with an adjuvanted MERS-CoV Spike protein subunit vaccine confers complete protection from MERS-CoV disease in alpaca and results in reduced and delayed viral shedding in the upper airways of dromedary camels. Protection in alpaca correlates with high serum neutralizing antibody titers. Lower titers of serum neutralizing antibodies correlate with delayed and significantly reduced shedding in the nasal turbinates of dromedary camels. Together, these data indicate that induction of robust neutralizing humoral immune responses by vaccination of naïve animals reduces shedding that potentially could diminish the risk of zoonotic transmission.

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