Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

Shabir A. Madhi; Vicky Baillie; Clare L. Cutland; Merryn Voysey; Anthonet L. Koen; Lee Fairlie; Sherman D. Padayachee; Keertan Dheda; Shaun L. Barnabas; Qasim E. Bhorat; Carmen Briner; Gaurav Kwatra; Khatija Ahmed; Parvinder Aley; Sutika Bhikha; Jinal N. Bhiman; As'Ad E. Bhorat; Jeanine Du Plessis; Aliasgar Esmail; Marisa Groenewald; Elizea Horne; Shi Hsia Hwa; Aylin Jose; Teresa Lambe; Matt Laubscher; Mookho Malahleha; Masebole Masenya; Mduduzi Masilela; Shakeel McKenzie; Kgaogelo Molapo; Andrew Moultrie; Suzette Oelofse; Faeezah Patel; Sureshnee Pillay; Sarah Rhead; Hylton Rodel; Lindie Rossouw; Carol Taoushanis; Houriiyah Tegally; Asha Thombrayil; Samuel Van Eck; Constantinos K. Wibmer; Nicholas M. Durham; Elizabeth J. Kelly; Tonya L. Villafana; Sarah Gilbert; Andrew J. Pollard; Tulio De Oliveira; Penny L. Moore; Alex Sigal; Alane Izu; Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa; Wits VIDA COVID vaccine trial group; Laurelle Jackson

doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2102214

Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

Shabir A. Madhi, Vicky Baillie, Clare L. Cutland, Merryn Voysey, Anthonet L. Koen, Lee Fairlie, Sherman D. Padayachee, Keertan Dheda, Shaun L. Barnabas, Qasim E. Bhorat, Carmen Briner, Gaurav Kwatra, Khatija Ahmed, Parvinder Aley, Sutika Bhikha, Jinal N. Bhiman, As'Ad E. Bhorat, Jeanine Du Plessis, Aliasgar Esmail, Marisa GroenewaldElizea Horne, Shi Hsia Hwa, Aylin Jose, Teresa Lambe, Matt Laubscher, Mookho Malahleha, Masebole Masenya, Mduduzi Masilela, Shakeel McKenzie, Kgaogelo Molapo, Andrew Moultrie, Suzette Oelofse, Faeezah Patel, Sureshnee Pillay, Sarah Rhead, Hylton Rodel, Lindie Rossouw, Carol Taoushanis, Houriiyah Tegally, Asha Thombrayil, Samuel Van Eck, Constantinos K. Wibmer, Nicholas M. Durham, Elizabeth J. Kelly, Tonya L. Villafana, Sarah Gilbert, Andrew J. Pollard, Tulio De Oliveira, Penny L. Moore, Alex Sigal, Alane Izu, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa, Wits VIDA COVID vaccine trial group, Laurelle Jackson

College of Medicine and Public Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

904 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND Assessment of the safety and efficacy of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in different populations is essential, as is investigation of the efficacy of the vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the B.1.351 (501Y.V2) variant first identified in South Africa.

METHODS We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in people not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa. Participants 18 to less than 65 years of age were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses of vaccine containing 5×1010 viral particles or placebo (0.9% sodium chloride solution) 21 to 35 days apart. Serum samples obtained from 25 participants after the second dose were tested by pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization assays against the original D614G virus and the B.1.351 variant. The primary end points were safety and efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic coronavirus 2019 illness (Covid-19) more than 14 days after the second dose.

RESULTS Between June 24 and November 9, 2020, we enrolled 2026 HIV-negative adults (median age, 30 years); 1010 and 1011 participants received at least one dose of placebo or vaccine, respectively. Both the pseudovirus and the live-virus neutralization assays showed greater resistance to the B.1.351 variant in serum samples obtained from vaccine recipients than in samples from placebo recipients. In the primary end-point analysis, mild-to-moderate Covid-19 developed in 23 of 717 placebo recipients (3.2%) and in 19 of 750 vaccine recipients (2.5%), for an efficacy of 21.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], -49.9 to 59.8). Among the 42 participants with Covid-19, 39 cases (95.1% of 41 with sequencing data) were caused by the B.1.351 variant; vaccine efficacy against this variant, analyzed as a secondary end point, was 10.4% (95% CI, -76.8 to 54.8). The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups.

CONCLUSIONS A two-dose regimen of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 due to the B.1.351 variant. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04444674; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number, PACTR202006922165132).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1885-1898
Number of pages	14
Journal	New England Journal of Medicine
Volume	384
Issue number	20
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2102214
Publication status	Published - 20 May 2021

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
Vaccination
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222)
B.1.351 (501Y.V2) variant

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Madhi, S. A., Baillie, V., Cutland, C. L., Voysey, M., Koen, A. L., Fairlie, L., Padayachee, S. D., Dheda, K., Barnabas, S. L., Bhorat, Q. E., Briner, C., Kwatra, G., Ahmed, K., Aley, P., Bhikha, S., Bhiman, J. N., Bhorat, AA. E., Du Plessis, J., Esmail, A., ... Jackson, L. (2021). Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(20), 1885-1898. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2102214

@article{d57a400a453545a9a0f81518a28d5d1d,

title = "Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant",

abstract = "BACKGROUND Assessment of the safety and efficacy of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in different populations is essential, as is investigation of the efficacy of the vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the B.1.351 (501Y.V2) variant first identified in South Africa. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in people not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa. Participants 18 to less than 65 years of age were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses of vaccine containing 5×1010 viral particles or placebo (0.9% sodium chloride solution) 21 to 35 days apart. Serum samples obtained from 25 participants after the second dose were tested by pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization assays against the original D614G virus and the B.1.351 variant. The primary end points were safety and efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic coronavirus 2019 illness (Covid-19) more than 14 days after the second dose. RESULTS Between June 24 and November 9, 2020, we enrolled 2026 HIV-negative adults (median age, 30 years); 1010 and 1011 participants received at least one dose of placebo or vaccine, respectively. Both the pseudovirus and the live-virus neutralization assays showed greater resistance to the B.1.351 variant in serum samples obtained from vaccine recipients than in samples from placebo recipients. In the primary end-point analysis, mild-to-moderate Covid-19 developed in 23 of 717 placebo recipients (3.2%) and in 19 of 750 vaccine recipients (2.5%), for an efficacy of 21.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], -49.9 to 59.8). Among the 42 participants with Covid-19, 39 cases (95.1% of 41 with sequencing data) were caused by the B.1.351 variant; vaccine efficacy against this variant, analyzed as a secondary end point, was 10.4% (95% CI, -76.8 to 54.8). The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS A two-dose regimen of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 due to the B.1.351 variant. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04444674; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number, PACTR202006922165132).",

keywords = "SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Vaccination, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222), B.1.351 (501Y.V2) variant",

author = "Madhi, {Shabir A.} and Vicky Baillie and Cutland, {Clare L.} and Merryn Voysey and Koen, {Anthonet L.} and Lee Fairlie and Padayachee, {Sherman D.} and Keertan Dheda and Barnabas, {Shaun L.} and Bhorat, {Qasim E.} and Carmen Briner and Gaurav Kwatra and Khatija Ahmed and Parvinder Aley and Sutika Bhikha and Bhiman, {Jinal N.} and Bhorat, {As'Ad E.} and {Du Plessis}, Jeanine and Aliasgar Esmail and Marisa Groenewald and Elizea Horne and Hwa, {Shi Hsia} and Aylin Jose and Teresa Lambe and Matt Laubscher and Mookho Malahleha and Masebole Masenya and Mduduzi Masilela and Shakeel McKenzie and Kgaogelo Molapo and Andrew Moultrie and Suzette Oelofse and Faeezah Patel and Sureshnee Pillay and Sarah Rhead and Hylton Rodel and Lindie Rossouw and Carol Taoushanis and Houriiyah Tegally and Asha Thombrayil and {Van Eck}, Samuel and Wibmer, {Constantinos K.} and Durham, {Nicholas M.} and Kelly, {Elizabeth J.} and Villafana, {Tonya L.} and Sarah Gilbert and Pollard, {Andrew J.} and {De Oliveira}, Tulio and Moore, {Penny L.} and Alex Sigal and Alane Izu and {Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa} and Nokukhanya Mdlalose and Jennifer Giandhari and Yeshnee Naidoo and {Wits VIDA COVID vaccine trial group} and Nasreen Abrahams and Saajida Akhalwaya and Yasmeen Akhalwaya and Nabeela Bhabha and Zahedah Bhorat and Sumaiya Bhorat and Ibrahim Bhorat and Sagidi Bibi and Mustapha Bittaye and Bulbulia, {Yusuf Ahmed} and Sandile Cele and Lynne Cornelissen and Malika Davids and Essack, {Yakub Moosa} and Amy Flaxman and Pedro Folegatti and Suzett Fourie and Fry, {Samantha H.} and Michelle Fuskova and Yashica Ganga and Tanya Golubchik and Amina Goondiwala and Hermien Gous and Janet Grab and Johann Greffrath and Willem Hanekom and Tandile Hermanus and Adrian Hill and Catherine Hill and Laurelle Jackson and {De Jager}, Jeanne and Shameem Jaumdally and Lisa Jose and Faeeza Kana and Simon Kerridge and Prudence Kgagudi and Alison Lawrie and Lazarus, {Erica M.} and Gila Lustig and Charlotte Mabuza and Edson Makambwa and Ross Malamatsho and Mandindi, {Wendy Zimkhitha} and Mmatsie Manentsa and Takalani Maoko and Mathibe, {Masego Nicole} and Hosea Matlebjane and Bella Matlonya and Kedidimetse Matshidiso and Nkululeko Mbele and Linda Mbutini and Sibongile Mncube and Nozipho Mncwango and Mapule Moloi and Lynn Morris and Lynelle Mottay and Thandeka Moyo and Lebogang Mpete and Sibekezelo Msomi and Stella Mthombeni and Sihle Mtshali and Mugodi, {Yvonne Nkazana} and Yama Mujadidi and Mukendi, {Christian Kabasele} and Mukendi, {Lionel Beya} and Nana, {Amit Jawaharlal} and Anusha Nana and Bongani Ndlovu and Ayanda Nzimande and Angela Oosthuizen and Brent Oosthuysen and Fatima Osman and Rubeshan Perumal and Petkar, {Sahir Yusuf} and Tricia Philip and Kgomotso Phohu and Sonjia Pieterse and Annah Pitsi and Mosidi Pitsoane and {Du Plessis}, Joan and Emma Plested and Anil Pooran and Ian Poulton and Rafuma, {Martin Mosotho} and Sayed, {Aakifah Bibi Arif} and Fawziyah Thompson and Bonolo Tladinyane and Michele Tomasicchio and {van der Merwe}, Lara and {van der Merwe}, Marquerit and Marion Watson and Peter Zuidewind",

year = "2021",

month = may,

day = "20",

doi = "10.1056/NEJMoa2102214",

language = "English",

volume = "384",

pages = "1885--1898",

journal = "New England Journal of Medicine",

issn = "0028-4793",

publisher = "Massachusetts Medical Society",

number = "20",

}

Madhi, SA, Baillie, V, Cutland, CL, Voysey, M, Koen, AL, Fairlie, L, Padayachee, SD, Dheda, K, Barnabas, SL, Bhorat, QE, Briner, C, Kwatra, G, Ahmed, K, Aley, P, Bhikha, S, Bhiman, JN, Bhorat, AAE, Du Plessis, J, Esmail, A, Groenewald, M, Horne, E, Hwa, SH, Jose, A, Lambe, T, Laubscher, M, Malahleha, M, Masenya, M, Masilela, M, McKenzie, S, Molapo, K, Moultrie, A, Oelofse, S, Patel, F, Pillay, S, Rhead, S, Rodel, H, Rossouw, L, Taoushanis, C, Tegally, H, Thombrayil, A, Van Eck, S, Wibmer, CK, Durham, NM, Kelly, EJ, Villafana, TL, Gilbert, S, Pollard, AJ, De Oliveira, T, Moore, PL, Sigal, A, Izu, A, Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa, Wits VIDA COVID vaccine trial group & Jackson, L 2021, 'Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant', New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 384, no. 20, pp. 1885-1898. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2102214

TY - JOUR

T1 - Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

AU - Madhi, Shabir A.

AU - Baillie, Vicky

AU - Cutland, Clare L.

AU - Voysey, Merryn

AU - Koen, Anthonet L.

AU - Fairlie, Lee

AU - Padayachee, Sherman D.

AU - Dheda, Keertan

AU - Barnabas, Shaun L.

AU - Bhorat, Qasim E.

AU - Briner, Carmen

AU - Kwatra, Gaurav

AU - Ahmed, Khatija

AU - Aley, Parvinder

AU - Bhikha, Sutika

AU - Bhiman, Jinal N.

AU - Bhorat, As'Ad E.

AU - Du Plessis, Jeanine

AU - Esmail, Aliasgar

AU - Groenewald, Marisa

AU - Horne, Elizea

AU - Hwa, Shi Hsia

AU - Jose, Aylin

AU - Lambe, Teresa

AU - Laubscher, Matt

AU - Malahleha, Mookho

AU - Masenya, Masebole

AU - Masilela, Mduduzi

AU - McKenzie, Shakeel

AU - Molapo, Kgaogelo

AU - Moultrie, Andrew

AU - Oelofse, Suzette

AU - Patel, Faeezah

AU - Pillay, Sureshnee

AU - Rhead, Sarah

AU - Rodel, Hylton

AU - Rossouw, Lindie

AU - Taoushanis, Carol

AU - Tegally, Houriiyah

AU - Thombrayil, Asha

AU - Van Eck, Samuel

AU - Wibmer, Constantinos K.

AU - Durham, Nicholas M.

AU - Kelly, Elizabeth J.

AU - Villafana, Tonya L.

AU - Gilbert, Sarah

AU - Pollard, Andrew J.

AU - De Oliveira, Tulio

AU - Moore, Penny L.

AU - Sigal, Alex

AU - Izu, Alane

AU - Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa

AU - Mdlalose, Nokukhanya

AU - Giandhari, Jennifer

AU - Naidoo, Yeshnee

AU - Wits VIDA COVID vaccine trial group

AU - Abrahams, Nasreen

AU - Akhalwaya, Saajida

AU - Akhalwaya, Yasmeen

AU - Bhabha, Nabeela

AU - Bhorat, Zahedah

AU - Bhorat, Sumaiya

AU - Bhorat, Ibrahim

AU - Bibi, Sagidi

AU - Bittaye, Mustapha

AU - Bulbulia, Yusuf Ahmed

AU - Cele, Sandile

AU - Cornelissen, Lynne

AU - Davids, Malika

AU - Essack, Yakub Moosa

AU - Flaxman, Amy

AU - Folegatti, Pedro

AU - Fourie, Suzett

AU - Fry, Samantha H.

AU - Fuskova, Michelle

AU - Ganga, Yashica

AU - Golubchik, Tanya

AU - Goondiwala, Amina

AU - Gous, Hermien

AU - Grab, Janet

AU - Greffrath, Johann

AU - Hanekom, Willem

AU - Hermanus, Tandile

AU - Hill, Adrian

AU - Hill, Catherine

AU - Jackson, Laurelle

AU - De Jager, Jeanne

AU - Jaumdally, Shameem

AU - Jose, Lisa

AU - Kana, Faeeza

AU - Kerridge, Simon

AU - Kgagudi, Prudence

AU - Lawrie, Alison

AU - Lazarus, Erica M.

AU - Lustig, Gila

AU - Mabuza, Charlotte

AU - Makambwa, Edson

AU - Malamatsho, Ross

AU - Mandindi, Wendy Zimkhitha

AU - Manentsa, Mmatsie

AU - Maoko, Takalani

AU - Mathibe, Masego Nicole

AU - Matlebjane, Hosea

AU - Matlonya, Bella

AU - Matshidiso, Kedidimetse

AU - Mbele, Nkululeko

AU - Mbutini, Linda

AU - Mncube, Sibongile

AU - Mncwango, Nozipho

AU - Moloi, Mapule

AU - Morris, Lynn

AU - Mottay, Lynelle

AU - Moyo, Thandeka

AU - Mpete, Lebogang

AU - Msomi, Sibekezelo

AU - Mthombeni, Stella

AU - Mtshali, Sihle

AU - Mugodi, Yvonne Nkazana

AU - Mujadidi, Yama

AU - Mukendi, Christian Kabasele

AU - Mukendi, Lionel Beya

AU - Nana, Amit Jawaharlal

AU - Nana, Anusha

AU - Ndlovu, Bongani

AU - Nzimande, Ayanda

AU - Oosthuizen, Angela

AU - Oosthuysen, Brent

AU - Osman, Fatima

AU - Perumal, Rubeshan

AU - Petkar, Sahir Yusuf

AU - Philip, Tricia

AU - Phohu, Kgomotso

AU - Pieterse, Sonjia

AU - Pitsi, Annah

AU - Pitsoane, Mosidi

AU - Du Plessis, Joan

AU - Plested, Emma

AU - Pooran, Anil

AU - Poulton, Ian

AU - Rafuma, Martin Mosotho

AU - Sayed, Aakifah Bibi Arif

AU - Thompson, Fawziyah

AU - Tladinyane, Bonolo

AU - Tomasicchio, Michele

AU - van der Merwe, Lara

AU - van der Merwe, Marquerit

AU - Watson, Marion

AU - Zuidewind, Peter

PY - 2021/5/20

Y1 - 2021/5/20

N2 - BACKGROUND Assessment of the safety and efficacy of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in different populations is essential, as is investigation of the efficacy of the vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the B.1.351 (501Y.V2) variant first identified in South Africa. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in people not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa. Participants 18 to less than 65 years of age were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses of vaccine containing 5×1010 viral particles or placebo (0.9% sodium chloride solution) 21 to 35 days apart. Serum samples obtained from 25 participants after the second dose were tested by pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization assays against the original D614G virus and the B.1.351 variant. The primary end points were safety and efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic coronavirus 2019 illness (Covid-19) more than 14 days after the second dose. RESULTS Between June 24 and November 9, 2020, we enrolled 2026 HIV-negative adults (median age, 30 years); 1010 and 1011 participants received at least one dose of placebo or vaccine, respectively. Both the pseudovirus and the live-virus neutralization assays showed greater resistance to the B.1.351 variant in serum samples obtained from vaccine recipients than in samples from placebo recipients. In the primary end-point analysis, mild-to-moderate Covid-19 developed in 23 of 717 placebo recipients (3.2%) and in 19 of 750 vaccine recipients (2.5%), for an efficacy of 21.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], -49.9 to 59.8). Among the 42 participants with Covid-19, 39 cases (95.1% of 41 with sequencing data) were caused by the B.1.351 variant; vaccine efficacy against this variant, analyzed as a secondary end point, was 10.4% (95% CI, -76.8 to 54.8). The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS A two-dose regimen of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 due to the B.1.351 variant. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04444674; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number, PACTR202006922165132).

AB - BACKGROUND Assessment of the safety and efficacy of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in different populations is essential, as is investigation of the efficacy of the vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the B.1.351 (501Y.V2) variant first identified in South Africa. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) in people not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa. Participants 18 to less than 65 years of age were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive two doses of vaccine containing 5×1010 viral particles or placebo (0.9% sodium chloride solution) 21 to 35 days apart. Serum samples obtained from 25 participants after the second dose were tested by pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization assays against the original D614G virus and the B.1.351 variant. The primary end points were safety and efficacy of the vaccine against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic coronavirus 2019 illness (Covid-19) more than 14 days after the second dose. RESULTS Between June 24 and November 9, 2020, we enrolled 2026 HIV-negative adults (median age, 30 years); 1010 and 1011 participants received at least one dose of placebo or vaccine, respectively. Both the pseudovirus and the live-virus neutralization assays showed greater resistance to the B.1.351 variant in serum samples obtained from vaccine recipients than in samples from placebo recipients. In the primary end-point analysis, mild-to-moderate Covid-19 developed in 23 of 717 placebo recipients (3.2%) and in 19 of 750 vaccine recipients (2.5%), for an efficacy of 21.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], -49.9 to 59.8). Among the 42 participants with Covid-19, 39 cases (95.1% of 41 with sequencing data) were caused by the B.1.351 variant; vaccine efficacy against this variant, analyzed as a secondary end point, was 10.4% (95% CI, -76.8 to 54.8). The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS A two-dose regimen of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not show protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 due to the B.1.351 variant. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04444674; Pan African Clinical Trials Registry number, PACTR202006922165132).

KW - SARS-CoV-2

KW - COVID-19

KW - Vaccination

KW - ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222)

KW - B.1.351 (501Y.V2) variant

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106589458&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1056/NEJMoa2102214

DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa2102214

M3 - Article

C2 - 33725432

AN - SCOPUS:85106589458

SN - 0028-4793

VL - 384

SP - 1885

EP - 1898

JO - New England Journal of Medicine

JF - New England Journal of Medicine

IS - 20

ER -

Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

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Keywords

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