Experience with a massive transfusion protocol in the management of massive haemorrhage

Background and objectives: A massive transfusion response (MTR) was introduced in 2007 to provide blood and blood products in a timelier manner. Aim of this study was to determine whether implementation of the MTR was associated with a change in clinical practice or mortality. Materials and methods: All MTR activations from 2008 to 2011 were included in the study. Patients who had received a massive transfusion (MT ≥ 10 units RBC in 24 h) as part of the MTR (MT-MTR) were compared with a historical group of MT patients (MT-Pre-MTR) from 2004 to 2006. Blood product usage including fresh frozen plasma (FFP):RBC and platelet:RBC ratios and mortality were compared between the two groups. Results: Out of 169 MTR activations, 13 patients (8%) did not use any blood products, 73 (43%) used <10 units of RBC in a 24-h period and 83 received a MT. The median number of units of FFP and platelets transfused in the MT-MTR group were 10 [interquartile range (IQR) 7-17] vs 6 (5-10) [P<0·001] and 3 (IQR 2-4) vs 2 (IQR 1-3) [P<0·001] in the MT-Pre-MTR group of patients, respectively. The MT-MTR group received a higher 24-h FFP:RBC ratio (1:1·4 vs 1:2·4, P<0·001). Overall mortality between the MT-MTR and MT-Pre-MTR groups (29% vs 23%, P=0·43) and 90-day mortality was 25% vs 29% (P=0·40), respectively. Conclusion: Although there has been a significant change in transfusion practice in MT patients using a MTR, no change in mortality could be documented using such a protocol.