Forensic sciences | DNA profiling

DNA profiling has changed the process of human identification and through the extensive validation processes is now considered by many as the “gold standard” to which many other areas of forensic science should aspire. This article details the history of DNA profiling from the first case in 1986 to the current 24 short tandem repeat multiplex systems but also look to the future with the increasing use of single nucleotide polymorphism. The article outlines the workflow of a high throughput forensic science lab from DNA extraction through to analyses. The way in which a matching DNA profile is reported and highlights the use of a likelihood ratio. The establishment and use of DNA databases of felons is summarized and points to how these database impact on the criminal justice system. The article is written for those with an interest in the area but not conversant and readers should gain an insight into how DNA profiling is used in the criminal justice system.