Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a lethal cancer encompassing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma subtypes. The global incidence of esophageal cancer is increasing world-wide, associated with the increased prevalence of associated risk factors. The asymptomatic nature of disease often leads to late diagnosis and five-year survival rates of less than 15%. Current diagnostic tools are restricted to invasive and costly endoscopy and biopsy for histopathology. Minimally and non-invasive biomarkers of esophageal cancer are needed to facilitate earlier detection and better clinical management of patients. This paper summarises recent insights into the development and clinical validation of esophageal cancer biomarkers, focussing on circulating markers in the blood, and the emerging area of breath and odorant biomarkers.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 10077-10083 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | World Journal of Gastroenterology |
Volume | 22 |
Issue number | 46 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 14 Dec 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license.Keywords
- Breath analysis
- Cancer
- MicroRNA
- Noninvasive
- Esophageal cancer
- Biomarker
- Non-invasive