Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study

Gregory A. Roth; George A. Mensah; Catherine O. Johnson; Giovanni Addolorato; Enrico Ammirati; Larry M. Baddour; Noel C. Barengo; Andrea Z. Beaton; Emelia J. Benjamin; Catherine P. Benziger; Aime Bonny; Michael Brauer; Marianne Brodmann; Thomas J. Cahill; Jonathan R. Carapetis; Alberico L. Catapano; Sumeet Chugh; Leslie T. Cooper; Josef Coresh; Michael H. Criqui; Nicole K. DeCleene; Kim A. Eagle; Sophia Emmons-Bell; Valery L. Feigin; Joaquim Fernández-Sola; Gerry Fowkes; Emmanuela Gakidou; Scott M. Grundy; Feng J. He; George Howard; Frank Hu; Lesley Inker; Ganesan Karthikeyan; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Walter J. Koroshetz; Carl Lavie; Donald Lloyd-Jones; Hong S. Lu; Antonio Mirijello; Awoke T. Misganaw; Ali H. Mokdad; Andrew E. Moran; Paul Muntner; Jagat Narula; Bruce Neal; Mpiko Ntsekhe; Gláucia M.M. Oliveira; Catherine M. Otto; Mayowa O. Owolabi; Michael Pratt; Sanjay Rajagopalan; Marissa B. Reitsma; Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro; Nancy A. Rigotti; Anthony Rodgers; Craig Sable; Saate  Shakil; Karen Sliwa-Hahnle; Benjamin A. Stark; Johan Sundström; Patrick Timpel; Imad I. Tleyjeh; Marco Valgimigli; Theo Vos; Paul K. Whelton; Magdi Yacoub; Liesl J. Zuhlke; Christopher Murray; Valentin Fuster; GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group; Muktar B. Ahmed; Meseret Derbew Molla; Himal Kandel; Hai Q. Pham; Befikadu Legesse Wubishet

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study

Gregory A. Roth, George A. Mensah, Catherine O. Johnson, Giovanni Addolorato, Enrico Ammirati, Larry M. Baddour, Noel C. Barengo, Andrea Z. Beaton, Emelia J. Benjamin, Catherine P. Benziger, Aime Bonny, Michael Brauer, Marianne Brodmann, Thomas J. Cahill, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Alberico L. Catapano, Sumeet Chugh, Leslie T. Cooper, Josef Coresh, Michael H. CriquiNicole K. DeCleene, Kim A. Eagle, Sophia Emmons-Bell, Valery L. Feigin, Joaquim Fernández-Sola, Gerry Fowkes, Emmanuela Gakidou, Scott M. Grundy, Feng J. He, George Howard, Frank Hu, Lesley Inker, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Walter J. Koroshetz, Carl Lavie, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Hong S. Lu, Antonio Mirijello, Awoke T. Misganaw, Ali H. Mokdad, Andrew E. Moran, Paul Muntner, Jagat Narula, Bruce Neal, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Gláucia M.M. Oliveira, Catherine M. Otto, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Michael Pratt, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Marissa B. Reitsma, Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro, Nancy A. Rigotti, Anthony Rodgers, Craig Sable, Saate Shakil, Karen Sliwa-Hahnle, Benjamin A. Stark, Johan Sundström, Patrick Timpel, Imad I. Tleyjeh, Marco Valgimigli, Theo Vos, Paul K. Whelton, Magdi Yacoub, Liesl J. Zuhlke, Christopher Murray, Valentin Fuster, GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group, Muktar B. Ahmed, Meseret Derbew Molla, Himal Kandel, Hai Q. Pham, Befikadu Legesse Wubishet

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

7337 Citations (Scopus)

28 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2982-3021
Number of pages	40
Journal	Journal of The American College of Cardiology
Volume	76
Issue number	25
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010
Publication status	Published - 22 Dec 2020
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

cardiovascular diseases
global health
health policy
population health

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010Licence: CC BY

Final published versionFinal published version, 9.26 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

Roth, G. A., Mensah, G. A., Johnson, C. O., Addolorato, G., Ammirati, E., Baddour, L. M., Barengo, N. C., Beaton, A. Z., Benjamin, E. J., Benziger, C. P., Bonny, A., Brauer, M., Brodmann, M., Cahill, T. J., Carapetis, J. R., Catapano, A. L., Chugh, S., Cooper, L. T., Coresh, J., ... Wubishet, B. L. (2020). Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study. Journal of The American College of Cardiology, 76(25), 2982-3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

@article{99dc4a8d49a04f4b8cf7314f972f0371,

title = "Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study",

abstract = "Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases.",

keywords = "cardiovascular diseases, global health, health policy, population health",

author = "Roth, {Gregory A.} and Mensah, {George A.} and Johnson, {Catherine O.} and Giovanni Addolorato and Enrico Ammirati and Baddour, {Larry M.} and Barengo, {Noel C.} and Beaton, {Andrea Z.} and Benjamin, {Emelia J.} and Benziger, {Catherine P.} and Aime Bonny and Michael Brauer and Marianne Brodmann and Cahill, {Thomas J.} and Carapetis, {Jonathan R.} and Catapano, {Alberico L.} and Sumeet Chugh and Cooper, {Leslie T.} and Josef Coresh and Criqui, {Michael H.} and DeCleene, {Nicole K.} and Eagle, {Kim A.} and Sophia Emmons-Bell and Feigin, {Valery L.} and Joaquim Fern{\'a}ndez-Sola and Gerry Fowkes and Emmanuela Gakidou and Grundy, {Scott M.} and He, {Feng J.} and George Howard and Frank Hu and Lesley Inker and Ganesan Karthikeyan and Kassebaum, {Nicholas J.} and Koroshetz, {Walter J.} and Carl Lavie and Donald Lloyd-Jones and Lu, {Hong S.} and Antonio Mirijello and Misganaw, {Awoke T.} and Mokdad, {Ali H.} and Moran, {Andrew E.} and Paul Muntner and Jagat Narula and Bruce Neal and Mpiko Ntsekhe and Oliveira, {Gl{\'a}ucia M.M.} and Otto, {Catherine M.} and Owolabi, {Mayowa O.} and Michael Pratt and Sanjay Rajagopalan and Reitsma, {Marissa B.} and Ribeiro, {Antonio Luiz P.} and Rigotti, {Nancy A.} and Anthony Rodgers and Craig Sable and Saate Shakil and Karen Sliwa-Hahnle and Stark, {Benjamin A.} and Johan Sundstr{\"o}m and Patrick Timpel and Tleyjeh, {Imad I.} and Marco Valgimigli and Theo Vos and Whelton, {Paul K.} and Magdi Yacoub and Zuhlke, {Liesl J.} and Christopher Murray and Valentin Fuster and {GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group} and Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari and Alireza Abdi and Aidin Abedi and Victor Aboyans and Abrha, {Woldu A.} and Eman Abu-Gharbieh and Abushouk, {Abdelrahman I.} and Dilaram Acharya and Tim Adair and Adebayo, {Oladimeji M.} and Zanfina Ademi and Advani, {Shailesh M.} and Khashayar Afshari and Ashkan Afshin and Gina Agarwal and Pradyumna Agasthi and Sohail Ahmad and Sepideh Ahmadi and Ahmed, {Muktar B.} and Budi Aji and Yonas Akalu and Wuraola Akande-Sholabi and Addis Aklilu and Akunna, {Chisom J.} and Fares Alahdab and Ayman Al-Eyadhy and Alhabib, {Khalid F.} and Alif, {Sheikh M.} and Vahid Alipour and Aljunid, {Syed M.} and Fran{\c c}ois Alla and Amir Almasi-Hashiani and Sami Almustanyir and Al-Raddadi, {Rajaa M.} and Amegah, {Adeladza K.} and Saeed Amini and Arya Aminorroaya and Hubert Amu and Amugsi, {Dickson A.} and Robert Ancuceanu and Deanna Anderlini and Tudorel Andrei and Andrei, {Catalina Liliana} and Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam and Anteneh, {Zelalem A.} and Antonazzo, {Ippazio Cosimo} and Benny Antony and Razique Anwer and Appiah, {Lambert T.} and Jalal Arabloo and Johan {\"A}rnl{\"o}v and Artanti, {Kurnia D.} and Zerihun Ataro and Marcel Ausloos and Leticia Avila-Burgos and Awan, {Asma T.} and Awoke, {Mamaru A.} and Ayele, {Henok T.} and Ayza, {Muluken A.} and Samad Azari and Darshan, {B. B.} and Nafiseh Baheiraei and Baig, {Atif A.} and Ahad Bakhtiari and Maciej Banach and Banik, {Palash C.} and Baptista, {Emerson A.} and Barboza, {Miguel A.} and Lingkan Barua and Sanjay Basu and Neeraj Bedi and Yannick B{\'e}jot and Bennett, {Derrick A.} and Bensenor, {Isabela M.} and Berman, {Adam E.} and Bezabih, {Yihienew M.} and Bhagavathula, {Akshaya S.} and Sonu Bhaskar and Krittika Bhattacharyya and Ali Bijani and Boris Bikbov and Birhanu, {Mulugeta M.} and Archith Boloor and Brant, {Luisa C.} and Hermann Brenner and Briko, {Nikolay I.} and Butt, {Zahid A.} and {dos Santos}, {Florentino Luciano Caetano} and Cahill, {Leah E.} and Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado and C{\'a}mera, {Luis A.} and Campos-Nonato, {Ismael R.} and Carlos Cantu-Brito and Josip Car and Carrero, {Juan J.} and Felix Carvalho and Casta{\~n}eda-Orjuela, {Carlos A.} and Ferr{\'a}n Catal{\'a}-L{\'o}pez and Ester Cerin and Jaykaran Charan and Chattu, {Vijay Kumar} and Simiao Chen and Chin, {Ken L.} and Choi, {Jee Young J.} and Chu, {Dinh Toi} and Chung, {Sheng Chia} and Massimo Cirillo and Sean Coffey and Sara Conti and Costa, {Vera M.} and Cundiff, {David K.} and Omid Dadras and Baye Dagnew and Xiaochen Dai and Damasceno, {Albertino A.M.} and Lalit Dandona and Rakhi Dandona and Kairat Davletov and {de la Cruz-G{\'o}ngora}, Vanessa and {de la Hoz}, {Fernando P.} and {de Neve}, {Jan Walter} and Edgar Denova-Guti{\'e}rrez and Molla, {Meseret Derbew} and Derseh, {Behailu T.} and Rupak Desai and G{\"u}nther Deuschl and Dharmaratne, {Samath D.} and Meghnath Dhimal and Dhungana, {Raja Ram} and Mostafa Dianatinasab and Daniel Diaz and Shirin Djalalinia and Klara Dokova and Abdel Douiri and Duncan, {Bruce B.} and Duraes, {Andre R.} and Eagan, {Arielle W.} and Sanam Ebtehaj and Aziz Eftekhari and Sahar Eftekharzadeh and Michael Ekholuenetale and {El Nahas}, Nevine and Elgendy, {Islam Y.} and Muhammed Elhadi and El-Jaafary, {Shaimaa I.} and Sadaf Esteghamati and Etisso, {Atkilt E.} and Oghenowede Eyawo and Ibtihal Fadhil and Faraon, {Emerito Jose A.} and Faris, {Pawan S.} and Medhat Farwati and Farshad Farzadfar and Eduarda Fernandes and Prendes, {Carlota Fernandez} and Pietro Ferrara and Irina Filip and Florian Fischer and David Flood and Takeshi Fukumoto and Gad, {Mohamed M.} and Shilpa Gaidhane and Morsaleh Ganji and Jalaj Garg and Gebre, {Abadi K.} and Gebregiorgis, {Birhan G.} and Gebregzabiher, {Kidane Z.} and Gebremeskel, {Gebreamlak G.} and Lemma Getacher and Obsa, {Abera Getachew} and Alireza Ghajar and Ahmad Ghashghaee and Nermin Ghith and Simona Giampaoli and Gilani, {Syed Amir} and Gill, {Paramjit S.} and Gillum, {Richard F.} and Himal Kandel and Nguyen, {Huong L.T.} and Pham, {Hai Q.} and Wubishet, {Befikadu Legesse}",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

day = "22",

doi = "10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010",

language = "English",

volume = "76",

pages = "2982--3021",

journal = "Journal of The American College of Cardiology",

issn = "0735-1097",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "25",

}

Roth, GA, Mensah, GA, Johnson, CO, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, LM, Barengo, NC, Beaton, AZ, Benjamin, EJ, Benziger, CP, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, TJ, Carapetis, JR, Catapano, AL, Chugh, S, Cooper, LT, Coresh, J, Criqui, MH, DeCleene, NK, Eagle, KA, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, VL, Fernández-Sola, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, SM, He, FJ, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, NJ, Koroshetz, WJ, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, HS, Mirijello, A, Misganaw, AT, Mokdad, AH, Moran, AE, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Oliveira, GMM, Otto, CM, Owolabi, MO, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, MB, Ribeiro, ALP, Rigotti, NA, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, BA, Sundström, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, II, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, PK, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, LJ, Murray, C, Fuster, V, GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group, Ahmed, MB, Molla, MD, Kandel, H, Pham, HQ & Wubishet, BL 2020, 'Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study', Journal of The American College of Cardiology, vol. 76, no. 25, pp. 2982-3021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019

T2 - Update From the GBD 2019 Study

AU - Roth, Gregory A.

AU - Mensah, George A.

AU - Johnson, Catherine O.

AU - Addolorato, Giovanni

AU - Ammirati, Enrico

AU - Baddour, Larry M.

AU - Barengo, Noel C.

AU - Beaton, Andrea Z.

AU - Benjamin, Emelia J.

AU - Benziger, Catherine P.

AU - Bonny, Aime

AU - Brauer, Michael

AU - Brodmann, Marianne

AU - Cahill, Thomas J.

AU - Carapetis, Jonathan R.

AU - Catapano, Alberico L.

AU - Chugh, Sumeet

AU - Cooper, Leslie T.

AU - Coresh, Josef

AU - Criqui, Michael H.

AU - DeCleene, Nicole K.

AU - Eagle, Kim A.

AU - Emmons-Bell, Sophia

AU - Feigin, Valery L.

AU - Fernández-Sola, Joaquim

AU - Fowkes, Gerry

AU - Gakidou, Emmanuela

AU - Grundy, Scott M.

AU - He, Feng J.

AU - Howard, George

AU - Hu, Frank

AU - Inker, Lesley

AU - Karthikeyan, Ganesan

AU - Kassebaum, Nicholas J.

AU - Koroshetz, Walter J.

AU - Lavie, Carl

AU - Lloyd-Jones, Donald

AU - Lu, Hong S.

AU - Mirijello, Antonio

AU - Misganaw, Awoke T.

AU - Mokdad, Ali H.

AU - Moran, Andrew E.

AU - Muntner, Paul

AU - Narula, Jagat

AU - Neal, Bruce

AU - Ntsekhe, Mpiko

AU - Oliveira, Gláucia M.M.

AU - Otto, Catherine M.

AU - Owolabi, Mayowa O.

AU - Pratt, Michael

AU - Rajagopalan, Sanjay

AU - Reitsma, Marissa B.

AU - Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.

AU - Rigotti, Nancy A.

AU - Rodgers, Anthony

AU - Sable, Craig

AU - Shakil, Saate

AU - Sliwa-Hahnle, Karen

AU - Stark, Benjamin A.

AU - Sundström, Johan

AU - Timpel, Patrick

AU - Tleyjeh, Imad I.

AU - Valgimigli, Marco

AU - Vos, Theo

AU - Whelton, Paul K.

AU - Yacoub, Magdi

AU - Zuhlke, Liesl J.

AU - Murray, Christopher

AU - Fuster, Valentin

AU - GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group

AU - Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen

AU - Abdi, Alireza

AU - Abedi, Aidin

AU - Aboyans, Victor

AU - Abrha, Woldu A.

AU - Abu-Gharbieh, Eman

AU - Abushouk, Abdelrahman I.

AU - Acharya, Dilaram

AU - Adair, Tim

AU - Adebayo, Oladimeji M.

AU - Ademi, Zanfina

AU - Advani, Shailesh M.

AU - Afshari, Khashayar

AU - Afshin, Ashkan

AU - Agarwal, Gina

AU - Agasthi, Pradyumna

AU - Ahmad, Sohail

AU - Ahmadi, Sepideh

AU - Ahmed, Muktar B.

AU - Aji, Budi

AU - Akalu, Yonas

AU - Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola

AU - Aklilu, Addis

AU - Akunna, Chisom J.

AU - Alahdab, Fares

AU - Al-Eyadhy, Ayman

AU - Alhabib, Khalid F.

AU - Alif, Sheikh M.

AU - Alipour, Vahid

AU - Aljunid, Syed M.

AU - Alla, François

AU - Almasi-Hashiani, Amir

AU - Almustanyir, Sami

AU - Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.

AU - Amegah, Adeladza K.

AU - Amini, Saeed

AU - Aminorroaya, Arya

AU - Amu, Hubert

AU - Amugsi, Dickson A.

AU - Ancuceanu, Robert

AU - Anderlini, Deanna

AU - Andrei, Tudorel

AU - Andrei, Catalina Liliana

AU - Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza

AU - Anteneh, Zelalem A.

AU - Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo

AU - Antony, Benny

AU - Anwer, Razique

AU - Appiah, Lambert T.

AU - Arabloo, Jalal

AU - Ärnlöv, Johan

AU - Artanti, Kurnia D.

AU - Ataro, Zerihun

AU - Ausloos, Marcel

AU - Avila-Burgos, Leticia

AU - Awan, Asma T.

AU - Awoke, Mamaru A.

AU - Ayele, Henok T.

AU - Ayza, Muluken A.

AU - Azari, Samad

AU - Darshan, B. B.

AU - Baheiraei, Nafiseh

AU - Baig, Atif A.

AU - Bakhtiari, Ahad

AU - Banach, Maciej

AU - Banik, Palash C.

AU - Baptista, Emerson A.

AU - Barboza, Miguel A.

AU - Barua, Lingkan

AU - Basu, Sanjay

AU - Bedi, Neeraj

AU - Béjot, Yannick

AU - Bennett, Derrick A.

AU - Bensenor, Isabela M.

AU - Berman, Adam E.

AU - Bezabih, Yihienew M.

AU - Bhagavathula, Akshaya S.

AU - Bhaskar, Sonu

AU - Bhattacharyya, Krittika

AU - Bijani, Ali

AU - Bikbov, Boris

AU - Birhanu, Mulugeta M.

AU - Boloor, Archith

AU - Brant, Luisa C.

AU - Brenner, Hermann

AU - Briko, Nikolay I.

AU - Butt, Zahid A.

AU - dos Santos, Florentino Luciano Caetano

AU - Cahill, Leah E.

AU - Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero

AU - Cámera, Luis A.

AU - Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.

AU - Cantu-Brito, Carlos

AU - Car, Josip

AU - Carrero, Juan J.

AU - Carvalho, Felix

AU - Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.

AU - Catalá-López, Ferrán

AU - Cerin, Ester

AU - Charan, Jaykaran

AU - Chattu, Vijay Kumar

AU - Chen, Simiao

AU - Chin, Ken L.

AU - Choi, Jee Young J.

AU - Chu, Dinh Toi

AU - Chung, Sheng Chia

AU - Cirillo, Massimo

AU - Coffey, Sean

AU - Conti, Sara

AU - Costa, Vera M.

AU - Cundiff, David K.

AU - Dadras, Omid

AU - Dagnew, Baye

AU - Dai, Xiaochen

AU - Damasceno, Albertino A.M.

AU - Dandona, Lalit

AU - Dandona, Rakhi

AU - Davletov, Kairat

AU - de la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa

AU - de la Hoz, Fernando P.

AU - de Neve, Jan Walter

AU - Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar

AU - Molla, Meseret Derbew

AU - Derseh, Behailu T.

AU - Desai, Rupak

AU - Deuschl, Günther

AU - Dharmaratne, Samath D.

AU - Dhimal, Meghnath

AU - Dhungana, Raja Ram

AU - Dianatinasab, Mostafa

AU - Diaz, Daniel

AU - Djalalinia, Shirin

AU - Dokova, Klara

AU - Douiri, Abdel

AU - Duncan, Bruce B.

AU - Duraes, Andre R.

AU - Eagan, Arielle W.

AU - Ebtehaj, Sanam

AU - Eftekhari, Aziz

AU - Eftekharzadeh, Sahar

AU - Ekholuenetale, Michael

AU - El Nahas, Nevine

AU - Elgendy, Islam Y.

AU - Elhadi, Muhammed

AU - El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.

AU - Esteghamati, Sadaf

AU - Etisso, Atkilt E.

AU - Eyawo, Oghenowede

AU - Fadhil, Ibtihal

AU - Faraon, Emerito Jose A.

AU - Faris, Pawan S.

AU - Farwati, Medhat

AU - Farzadfar, Farshad

AU - Fernandes, Eduarda

AU - Prendes, Carlota Fernandez

AU - Ferrara, Pietro

AU - Filip, Irina

AU - Fischer, Florian

AU - Flood, David

AU - Fukumoto, Takeshi

AU - Gad, Mohamed M.

AU - Gaidhane, Shilpa

AU - Ganji, Morsaleh

AU - Garg, Jalaj

AU - Gebre, Abadi K.

AU - Gebregiorgis, Birhan G.

AU - Gebregzabiher, Kidane Z.

AU - Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak G.

AU - Getacher, Lemma

AU - Obsa, Abera Getachew

AU - Ghajar, Alireza

AU - Ghashghaee, Ahmad

AU - Ghith, Nermin

AU - Giampaoli, Simona

AU - Gilani, Syed Amir

AU - Gill, Paramjit S.

AU - Gillum, Richard F.

AU - Kandel, Himal

AU - Nguyen, Huong L.T.

AU - Pham, Hai Q.

AU - Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse

PY - 2020/12/22

Y1 - 2020/12/22

N2 - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases.

AB - Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside high-income countries, and alarmingly, the age-standardized rate of CVD has begun to rise in some locations where it was previously declining in high-income countries. There is an urgent need to focus on implementing existing cost-effective policies and interventions if the world is to meet the targets for Sustainable Development Goal 3 and achieve a 30% reduction in premature mortality due to noncommunicable diseases.

KW - cardiovascular diseases

KW - global health

KW - health policy

KW - population health

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85098835749&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010

M3 - Review article

C2 - 33309175

AN - SCOPUS:85098835749

SN - 0735-1097

VL - 76

SP - 2982

EP - 3021

JO - Journal of The American College of Cardiology

JF - Journal of The American College of Cardiology

IS - 25

ER -

Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update From the GBD 2019 Study

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UN SDGs

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