Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

GBD 2019 HIV Collaborators; Deepa Jahagirdar; Magdalene K Walters; Amanda  Novotney; Edmond D Brewer; Tahvi Frank; Austin Carter; Molly H. Biehl; Hedayat Abbastabar; E S  Abhilash; Eman Abu-Gharbieh; Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad; Victor Adekanmbi; Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka; Qorinah Estininhtyas Sakilah Adnani; Saira Afzal; Soodabeh Aghababaei; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Sajjad Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Sepideh Ahmadi; Ehsan Ahmadpour; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Tarik Ahmed Rashid; Yusra Ahmed Salih; Addis Aklilu; Tayyaba Akram; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Hanadi  Al Hamad; Fares Alahdab; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Ekaterina A Aleksandrova; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Liaqat Ali; Vahid Alipour; Sami Almustanyir; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Hubert Amu; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Davood Anvari; Jalal Arabloo; Olatunde Aremu; Judie Arulappan; Desta Debalkie Atnafu; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Muluken Altaye Ayza; Samad Azari; Darshan B. B; Maciej Banach; Till Winfried Barnighausen; Fabio Barra; Amadou Barrow; Sanjay Basu; Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi; Habtamu Gebrehana Belay; Tezera Moshago Berheto; Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabhe; Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Sadia Bibi; Ali Bijani; Catherine Bisignano; Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa; Archith Boloor; Azizbek A Boltaev; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Danilo Buonsenso; Katrin Burkart; Zahid A. Butt; Chao Cao; Jaykaran Charan; Souranshu Chatterjee; Soosanna Kumary Chattu; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Sonali Gajanan Choudhari; Dinh Toi Chu; Rosa A S Couto; Richard G. Cowden; Berihun Assefa Dachew; Omid Dadras; Amare Belachew Dagnew; Saad M.A. Dahlawi; Xiaochen Dai; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; José Das Neves; Louisa Degenhardt; Feleke Mekonnen Demeke; Abebaw Alemayehu Desta; Keshab Deuba; Deepak Dhamnetiya; Govinda Prasad Dhungana; Mostafa Dianatinasab; Daniel Diaz; Shirin Djalalinia; Linh Phuong Doan; Fariba Dorostkar; Hisham Atan Edinur; Andem Effiong; Sahar Eftekharzadeh; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Rajesh Elayedath; Muhammed  Elhadi; Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary; Ziad El-Khatib; Aisha Elsharkawy; Aklilu Endalamaw; Aman Yesuf Endries; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Ifeanyi Jude  Ezeonwumelu; Sayeh Ezzikouri; Mohammad Farahmand; Emerito Jose A Faraon; Abidemi Omolara  Fasanmi; Simone Ferrero; Lorenzo Ferro Desideri; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Masoud Foroutan; Takeshi Fukumoto; Mohamed M. Gad; Muktar A Gadanya; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Tushar  Garg; Reta Tsegaye Gayesa; Eyob Alemayehu  Gebreyohannes; Abera Getachew Obsa; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Syed Amir Gilani; Themba T.G. Ginindza; Ionela-Roxana  Glăvan; Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova; Mahaveer Golechha; Harish Chander Gugnani; Bhawna Gupta; Sapna Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Samer Hamidi; Senad Handanagic; Shafiul Haque; Harapan Harapan; Arief Hargono; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Abdiwahab Hashi; Shoaib Hassan; Soheil Hassanipour; Khezar Hayat; Ileana Heredia-Pi; Kamal Hezam; Ramesh Holla; Praveen Hoogar; Mohammad Enamul  Hoque; Mostafa Hosseini; Medhi  Hosseinzadeh; Mohamed Hsairi; Rabia Hussain; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Bulat Idrisov; Kevin S. Ikuta; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; M Mifizul Islam; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Ramaiah Itumalla; Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu; Roxanna Jabbarinejad; Vardhmaan Jain; Ranil Jayawardena; Ravi Prakash Jha; Nitin Joseph; Ali Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Rohollah Kalhor; Feroze  Kaliyadan; Ashwin Kamath; Tanuj Kanchan; Himal Kandel; Getinet Kassahun; Patrick DMC Katoto; Gbenga A. Kayode; Ermiyas Mulu Kebede; Hafte Kahsay Kebede; Himanshu Khajuria; Nauman Khalid; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Khaled Khatab; Min Seo Kim; Yun Jin Kim; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Sonali Kochhar; Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov; Parvaiz A. Koul; SindhuraLakshmi  Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Alexander Kwarteng; Dharmesh K. Lal; Iván Landires; Savita Lasrado; Zohra S. Lassi; Jeffrey V Lazarus; Jane Jean Hee Lee; Yeong Yeh Lee; Kate E. LeGrand; Christine Lin; Xuefeng Liu; Emilie R. Maddison; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Phetole Walter Mahasha; Azeem Majeed; Alaa Makki; Ahmad Azam Malik; Wondimu Ayele Manamo; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo; Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi; Ziad A Memish; Ritesh G. Menezes; Endalkachew Worku Mengesha; Hayimro Edemealem Merie; Amanual Getnet Mersha; Tomislav Mestrovic; Peter  Meylakhs; Nour  Mheidly; Ted R. Miller; Andreea Mirica; Babak Moazen; Yousef Mohammad; Lillian Mwanri; Fisaha Haile Tesfay; Paul Ward; Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa; Mokhtar Mohammadi; Lalit Yadav

doi:10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00152-1

Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

GBD 2019 HIV Collaborators, Deepa Jahagirdar, Magdalene K Walters, Amanda Novotney, Edmond D Brewer, Tahvi Frank, Austin Carter, Molly H. Biehl, Hedayat Abbastabar, E S Abhilash, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Laith Jamal Abu-Raddad, Victor Adekanmbi, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Qorinah Estininhtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saira Afzal, Soodabeh Aghababaei, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Sajjad Ahmad, Keivan AhmadiSepideh Ahmadi, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Yusra Ahmed Salih, Addis Aklilu, Tayyaba Akram, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Hanadi Al Hamad, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Ekaterina A Aleksandrova, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Liaqat Ali, Vahid Alipour, Sami Almustanyir, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Hubert Amu, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Davood Anvari, Jalal Arabloo, Olatunde Aremu, Judie Arulappan, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Samad Azari, Darshan B. B, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Barnighausen, Fabio Barra, Amadou Barrow, Sanjay Basu, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Habtamu Gebrehana Belay, Tezera Moshago Berheto, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabhe, Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Catherine Bisignano, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Archith Boloor, Azizbek A Boltaev, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Danilo Buonsenso, Katrin Burkart, Zahid A. Butt, Chao Cao, Jaykaran Charan, Souranshu Chatterjee, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Dinh Toi Chu, Rosa A S Couto, Richard G. Cowden, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Omid Dadras, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, José Das Neves, Louisa Degenhardt, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Keshab Deuba, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Diaz, Shirin Djalalinia, Linh Phuong Doan, Fariba Dorostkar, Hisham Atan Edinur, Andem Effiong, Sahar Eftekharzadeh, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Rajesh Elayedath, Muhammed Elhadi, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Ziad El-Khatib, Aisha Elsharkawy, Aklilu Endalamaw, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Mohammad Farahmand, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Simone Ferrero, Lorenzo Ferro Desideri, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M. Gad, Muktar A Gadanya, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Tushar Garg, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes, Abera Getachew Obsa, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Syed Amir Gilani, Themba T.G. Ginindza, Ionela-Roxana Glăvan, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Mahaveer Golechha, Harish Chander Gugnani, Bhawna Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Samer Hamidi, Senad Handanagic, Shafiul Haque, Harapan Harapan, Arief Hargono, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Abdiwahab Hashi, Shoaib Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Khezar Hayat, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Kamal Hezam, Ramesh Holla, Praveen Hoogar, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Mostafa Hosseini, Medhi Hosseinzadeh, Mohamed Hsairi, Rabia Hussain, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Bulat Idrisov, Kevin S. Ikuta, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, M Mifizul Islam, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Ramaiah Itumalla, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Roxanna Jabbarinejad, Vardhmaan Jain, Ranil Jayawardena, Ravi Prakash Jha, Nitin Joseph, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Rohollah Kalhor, Feroze Kaliyadan, Ashwin Kamath, Tanuj Kanchan, Himal Kandel, Getinet Kassahun, Patrick DMC Katoto, Gbenga A. Kayode, Ermiyas Mulu Kebede, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Himanshu Khajuria, Nauman Khalid, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Khaled Khatab, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Sonali Kochhar, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Parvaiz A. Koul, SindhuraLakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, G. Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Alexander Kwarteng, Dharmesh K. Lal, Iván Landires, Savita Lasrado, Zohra S. Lassi, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Jane Jean Hee Lee, Yeong Yeh Lee, Kate E. LeGrand, Christine Lin, Xuefeng Liu, Emilie R. Maddison, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Azeem Majeed, Alaa Makki, Ahmad Azam Malik, Wondimu Ayele Manamo, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Ziad A Memish, Ritesh G. Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Hayimro Edemealem Merie, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Tomislav Mestrovic, Peter Meylakhs, Nour Mheidly, Ted R. Miller, Andreea Mirica, Babak Moazen, Yousef Mohammad, Lillian Mwanri, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Paul Ward, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Lalit Yadav

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. METHODS: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1-38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78-0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91-1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95-1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58-35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49-42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05-0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was 1·94 (1·76-2·12). No regions met suggested thresholds for progress. INTERPRETATION: Sub-Saharan Africa had both the highest HIV burden and the greatest progress between 1990 and 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths in males and females approached parity in 2019, although there remained more females with HIV than males with HIV. Globally, the HIV epidemic is far from the UNAIDS benchmarks on progress metrics. FUNDING: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Aging of the NIH.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	e633-e651
Number of pages	19
Journal	The Lancet HIV
Volume	8
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00152-1
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2021

Keywords

Sex-Specific Burden
HIV
Epidemic

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00152-1Licence: CC BY

Published versionFinal published version, 2.55 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

GBD 2019 HIV Collaborators, Jahagirdar, D., Walters, M. K., Novotney, A., Brewer, E. D., Frank, T., Carter, A., Biehl, M. H., Abbastabar, H., Abhilash, E. S., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Adekanmbi, V., Adedayo Adeyinka, D., Adnani, Q. E. S., Afzal, S., Aghababaei, S., Ahinkorah, B. O., Ahmad, S., ... Yadav, L. (2021). Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. The Lancet HIV, 8(10), e633-e651. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00152-1

@article{b4ff4b7d6bbe43fabd7cbd454dc0779c,

title = "Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. METHODS: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1-38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78-0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91-1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95-1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58-35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49-42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05-0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was 1·94 (1·76-2·12). No regions met suggested thresholds for progress. INTERPRETATION: Sub-Saharan Africa had both the highest HIV burden and the greatest progress between 1990 and 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths in males and females approached parity in 2019, although there remained more females with HIV than males with HIV. Globally, the HIV epidemic is far from the UNAIDS benchmarks on progress metrics. FUNDING: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Aging of the NIH.",

keywords = "Sex-Specific Burden, HIV, Epidemic",

author = "{GBD 2019 HIV Collaborators} and Deepa Jahagirdar and Walters, {Magdalene K} and Amanda Novotney and Brewer, {Edmond D} and Tahvi Frank and Austin Carter and Biehl, {Molly H.} and Hedayat Abbastabar and Abhilash, {E S} and Eman Abu-Gharbieh and Abu-Raddad, {Laith Jamal} and Victor Adekanmbi and {Adedayo Adeyinka}, Daniel and Adnani, {Qorinah Estininhtyas Sakilah} and Saira Afzal and Soodabeh Aghababaei and Ahinkorah, {Bright Opoku} and Sajjad Ahmad and Keivan Ahmadi and Sepideh Ahmadi and Ehsan Ahmadpour and Ahmed, {Muktar Beshir} and Rashid, {Tarik Ahmed} and Salih, {Yusra Ahmed} and Addis Aklilu and Tayyaba Akram and Akunna, {Chisom Joyqueenet} and {Al Hamad}, Hanadi and Fares Alahdab and Alanezi, {Fahad Mashhour} and Aleksandrova, {Ekaterina A} and Alene, {Kefyalew Addis} and Liaqat Ali and Vahid Alipour and Sami Almustanyir and Nelson Alvis-Guzman and Ameyaw, {Edward Kwabena} and Hubert Amu and Andrei, {Catalina Liliana} and Tudorel Andrei and Davood Anvari and Jalal Arabloo and Olatunde Aremu and Judie Arulappan and Atnafu, {Desta Debalkie} and Quintanilla, {Beatriz Paulina Ayala} and Ayza, {Muluken Altaye} and Samad Azari and B, {Darshan B.} and Maciej Banach and Barnighausen, {Till Winfried} and Fabio Barra and Amadou Barrow and Sanjay Basu and Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi and Belay, {Habtamu Gebrehana} and Berheto, {Tezera Moshago} and Bezabhe, {Woldesellassie Mequanint} and Bezabih, {Yihienew Mequanint} and Bhagavathula, {Akshaya Srikanth} and Nikha Bhardwaj and Pankaj Bhardwaj and Krittika Bhattacharyya and Sadia Bibi and Ali Bijani and Catherine Bisignano and Bolarinwa, {Obasanjo Afolabi} and Archith Boloor and Boltaev, {Azizbek A} and Briko, {Nikolay Ivanovich} and Danilo Buonsenso and Katrin Burkart and Butt, {Zahid A.} and Chao Cao and Jaykaran Charan and Souranshu Chatterjee and Chattu, {Soosanna Kumary} and Chattu, {Vijay Kumar} and Choudhari, {Sonali Gajanan} and Chu, {Dinh Toi} and Couto, {Rosa A S} and Cowden, {Richard G.} and Dachew, {Berihun Assefa} and Omid Dadras and Dagnew, {Amare Belachew} and Dahlawi, {Saad M.A.} and Xiaochen Dai and Lalit Dandona and Rakhi Dandona and Neves, {Jos{\'e} Das} and Louisa Degenhardt and Demeke, {Feleke Mekonnen} and Desta, {Abebaw Alemayehu} and Keshab Deuba and Deepak Dhamnetiya and Dhungana, {Govinda Prasad} and Mostafa Dianatinasab and Daniel Diaz and Shirin Djalalinia and Doan, {Linh Phuong} and Fariba Dorostkar and Edinur, {Hisham Atan} and Andem Effiong and Sahar Eftekharzadeh and {El Sayed Zaki}, Maysaa and Rajesh Elayedath and Muhammed Elhadi and El-Jaafary, {Shaimaa I.} and Ziad El-Khatib and Aisha Elsharkawy and Aklilu Endalamaw and Endries, {Aman Yesuf} and Sharareh Eskandarieh and Ezeonwumelu, {Ifeanyi Jude} and Sayeh Ezzikouri and Mohammad Farahmand and {Jose A Faraon}, Emerito and Fasanmi, {Abidemi Omolara} and Simone Ferrero and {Ferro Desideri}, Lorenzo and Irina Filip and Florian Fischer and Folayan, {Morenike Oluwatoyin} and Masoud Foroutan and Takeshi Fukumoto and Gad, {Mohamed M.} and Gadanya, {Muktar A} and Gaidhane, {Abhay Motiramji} and Tushar Garg and Gayesa, {Reta Tsegaye} and Gebreyohannes, {Eyob Alemayehu} and Gesesew, {Hailay Abrha} and Obsa, {Abera Getachew} and Keyghobad Ghadiri and Ahmad Ghashghaee and Gilani, {Syed Amir} and Ginindza, {Themba T.G.} and Ionela-Roxana Gl{\u a}van and Glushkova, {Ekaterina Vladimirovna} and Mahaveer Golechha and Gugnani, {Harish Chander} and Bhawna Gupta and Sapna Gupta and Gupta, {Veer Bala} and Gupta, {Vivek Kumar} and Samer Hamidi and Senad Handanagic and Shafiul Haque and Harapan Harapan and Arief Hargono and Hasaballah, {Ahmed I.} and Abdiwahab Hashi and Shoaib Hassan and Soheil Hassanipour and Khezar Hayat and Ileana Heredia-Pi and Kamal Hezam and Ramesh Holla and Praveen Hoogar and Hoque, {Mohammad Enamul} and Mostafa Hosseini and Medhi Hosseinzadeh and Mohamed Hsairi and Rabia Hussain and Ibitoye, {Segun Emmanuel} and Bulat Idrisov and Ikuta, {Kevin S.} and Ilesanmi, {Olayinka Stephen} and Ilic, {Irena M.} and Ilic, {Milena D.} and Irvani, {Seyed Sina Naghibi} and Islam, {M Mifizul} and Ismail, {Nahlah Elkudssiah} and Ramaiah Itumalla and Iyamu, {Ihoghosa Osamuyi} and Roxanna Jabbarinejad and Vardhmaan Jain and Ranil Jayawardena and Jha, {Ravi Prakash} and Nitin Joseph and Ali Kabir and Zubair Kabir and Rohollah Kalhor and Feroze Kaliyadan and Ashwin Kamath and Tanuj Kanchan and Himal Kandel and Getinet Kassahun and Katoto, {Patrick DMC} and Kayode, {Gbenga A.} and Kebede, {Ermiyas Mulu} and Kebede, {Hafte Kahsay} and Himanshu Khajuria and Nauman Khalid and Khan, {Ejaz Ahmad} and Gulfaraz Khan and Khaled Khatab and Kim, {Min Seo} and Kim, {Yun Jin} and Adnan Kisa and Sezer Kisa and Sonali Kochhar and Korshunov, {Vladimir Andreevich} and Koul, {Parvaiz A.} and {Koulmane Laxminarayana}, SindhuraLakshmi and Ai Koyanagi and Kewal Krishan and {Kuate Defo}, Barthelemy and Kumar, {G. Anil} and Manasi Kumar and Nithin Kumar and Alexander Kwarteng and Lal, {Dharmesh K.} and Iv{\'a}n Landires and Savita Lasrado and Lassi, {Zohra S.} and Lazarus, {Jeffrey V} and Lee, {Jane Jean Hee} and Lee, {Yeong Yeh} and LeGrand, {Kate E.} and Christine Lin and Xuefeng Liu and Maddison, {Emilie R.} and {Abd El Razek}, {Hassan Magdy} and Mahasha, {Phetole Walter} and Azeem Majeed and Alaa Makki and Malik, {Ahmad Azam} and Manamo, {Wondimu Ayele} and Mansournia, {Mohammad Ali} and Martins-Melo, {Francisco Rogerl{\^a}ndio} and Masoumi, {Seyedeh Zahra} and Memish, {Ziad A} and Menezes, {Ritesh G.} and Mengesha, {Endalkachew Worku} and Merie, {Hayimro Edemealem} and Mersha, {Amanual Getnet} and Tomislav Mestrovic and Peter Meylakhs and Nour Mheidly and Miller, {Ted R.} and Andreea Mirica and Babak Moazen and Yousef Mohammad and Lillian Mwanri and Tesfay, {Fisaha Haile} and Paul Ward and Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa and Mokhtar Mohammadi and Lalit Yadav",

year = "2021",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00152-1",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

pages = "e633--e651",

journal = "The Lancet HIV",

issn = "2352-3018",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "10",

}

GBD 2019 HIV Collaborators, Jahagirdar, D, Walters, MK, Novotney, A, Brewer, ED, Frank, T, Carter, A, Biehl, MH, Abbastabar, H, Abhilash, ES, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Raddad, LJ, Adekanmbi, V, Adedayo Adeyinka, D, Adnani, QES, Afzal, S, Aghababaei, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, MB, Rashid, TA, Salih, YA, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alanezi, FM, Aleksandrova, EA, Alene, KA, Ali, L, Alipour, V, Almustanyir, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ameyaw, EK, Amu, H, Andrei, CL, Andrei, T, Anvari, D, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Arulappan, J, Atnafu, DD, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayza, MA, Azari, S, B, DB, Banach, M, Barnighausen, TW, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Basu, S, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Belay, HG, Berheto, TM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bibi, S, Bijani, A, Bisignano, C, Bolarinwa, OA, Boloor, A, Boltaev, AA, Briko, NI, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Butt, ZA, Cao, C, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Choudhari, SG, Chu, DT, Couto, RAS, Cowden, RG, Dachew, BA, Dadras, O, Dagnew, AB, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Neves, JD, Degenhardt, L, Demeke, FM, Desta, AA, Deuba, K, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Doan, LP, Dorostkar, F, Edinur, HA, Effiong, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elayedath, R, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, El-Khatib, Z, Elsharkawy, A, Endalamaw, A, Endries, AY, Eskandarieh, S, Ezeonwumelu, IJ, Ezzikouri, S, Farahmand, M, Jose A Faraon, E, Fasanmi, AO, Ferrero, S, Ferro Desideri, L, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Folayan, MO, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gadanya, MA, Gaidhane, AM, Garg, T, Gayesa, RT, Gebreyohannes, EA, Obsa, AG, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Ginindza, TTG, Glăvan, I-R, Glushkova, EV, Golechha, M, Gugnani, HC, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Hamidi, S, Handanagic, S, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, AI, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hayat, K, Heredia-Pi, I, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hoque, ME, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hsairi, M, Hussain, R, Ibitoye, SE, Idrisov, B, Ikuta, KS, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Ismail, NE, Itumalla, R, Iyamu, IO, Jabbarinejad, R, Jain, V, Jayawardena, R, Jha, RP, Joseph, N, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kaliyadan, F, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kassahun, G, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Kebede, EM, Kebede, HK, Khajuria, H, Khalid, N, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khatab, K, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kochhar, S, Korshunov, VA, Koul, PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kwarteng, A, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lazarus, JV, Lee, JJH, Lee, YY, LeGrand, KE, Lin, C, Liu, X, Maddison, ER, Abd El Razek, HM, Mahasha, PW, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malik, AA, Manamo, WA, Mansournia, MA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masoumi, SZ, Memish, ZA, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Merie, HE, Mersha, AG, Mestrovic, T, Meylakhs, P, Mheidly, N, Miller, TR, Mirica, A, Moazen, B, Mohammad, Y, Mwanri, L, Tesfay, FH, Ward, P, Mpundu-Kaambwa, C, Mohammadi, M & Yadav, L 2021, 'Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019', The Lancet HIV, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. e633-e651. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00152-1

Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. / GBD 2019 HIV Collaborators; Jahagirdar, Deepa; Walters, Magdalene K et al.
In: The Lancet HIV, Vol. 8, No. 10, 01.10.2021, p. e633-e651.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories

T2 - the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

AU - GBD 2019 HIV Collaborators

AU - Jahagirdar, Deepa

AU - Walters, Magdalene K

AU - Novotney, Amanda

AU - Brewer, Edmond D

AU - Frank, Tahvi

AU - Carter, Austin

AU - Biehl, Molly H.

AU - Abbastabar, Hedayat

AU - Abhilash, E S

AU - Abu-Gharbieh, Eman

AU - Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal

AU - Adekanmbi, Victor

AU - Adedayo Adeyinka, Daniel

AU - Adnani, Qorinah Estininhtyas Sakilah

AU - Afzal, Saira

AU - Aghababaei, Soodabeh

AU - Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku

AU - Ahmad, Sajjad

AU - Ahmadi, Keivan

AU - Ahmadi, Sepideh

AU - Ahmadpour, Ehsan

AU - Ahmed, Muktar Beshir

AU - Rashid, Tarik Ahmed

AU - Salih, Yusra Ahmed

AU - Aklilu, Addis

AU - Akram, Tayyaba

AU - Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet

AU - Al Hamad, Hanadi

AU - Alahdab, Fares

AU - Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour

AU - Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A

AU - Alene, Kefyalew Addis

AU - Ali, Liaqat

AU - Alipour, Vahid

AU - Almustanyir, Sami

AU - Alvis-Guzman, Nelson

AU - Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena

AU - Amu, Hubert

AU - Andrei, Catalina Liliana

AU - Andrei, Tudorel

AU - Anvari, Davood

AU - Arabloo, Jalal

AU - Aremu, Olatunde

AU - Arulappan, Judie

AU - Atnafu, Desta Debalkie

AU - Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala

AU - Ayza, Muluken Altaye

AU - Azari, Samad

AU - B, Darshan B.

AU - Banach, Maciej

AU - Barnighausen, Till Winfried

AU - Barra, Fabio

AU - Barrow, Amadou

AU - Basu, Sanjay

AU - Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad

AU - Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana

AU - Berheto, Tezera Moshago

AU - Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint

AU - Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint

AU - Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth

AU - Bhardwaj, Nikha

AU - Bhardwaj, Pankaj

AU - Bhattacharyya, Krittika

AU - Bibi, Sadia

AU - Bijani, Ali

AU - Bisignano, Catherine

AU - Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi

AU - Boloor, Archith

AU - Boltaev, Azizbek A

AU - Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich

AU - Buonsenso, Danilo

AU - Burkart, Katrin

AU - Butt, Zahid A.

AU - Cao, Chao

AU - Charan, Jaykaran

AU - Chatterjee, Souranshu

AU - Chattu, Soosanna Kumary

AU - Chattu, Vijay Kumar

AU - Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan

AU - Chu, Dinh Toi

AU - Couto, Rosa A S

AU - Cowden, Richard G.

AU - Dachew, Berihun Assefa

AU - Dadras, Omid

AU - Dagnew, Amare Belachew

AU - Dahlawi, Saad M.A.

AU - Dai, Xiaochen

AU - Dandona, Lalit

AU - Dandona, Rakhi

AU - Neves, José Das

AU - Degenhardt, Louisa

AU - Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen

AU - Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu

AU - Deuba, Keshab

AU - Dhamnetiya, Deepak

AU - Dhungana, Govinda Prasad

AU - Dianatinasab, Mostafa

AU - Diaz, Daniel

AU - Djalalinia, Shirin

AU - Doan, Linh Phuong

AU - Dorostkar, Fariba

AU - Edinur, Hisham Atan

AU - Effiong, Andem

AU - Eftekharzadeh, Sahar

AU - El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa

AU - Elayedath, Rajesh

AU - Elhadi, Muhammed

AU - El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.

AU - El-Khatib, Ziad

AU - Elsharkawy, Aisha

AU - Endalamaw, Aklilu

AU - Endries, Aman Yesuf

AU - Eskandarieh, Sharareh

AU - Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude

AU - Ezzikouri, Sayeh

AU - Farahmand, Mohammad

AU - Jose A Faraon, Emerito

AU - Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara

AU - Ferrero, Simone

AU - Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo

AU - Filip, Irina

AU - Fischer, Florian

AU - Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin

AU - Foroutan, Masoud

AU - Fukumoto, Takeshi

AU - Gad, Mohamed M.

AU - Gadanya, Muktar A

AU - Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji

AU - Garg, Tushar

AU - Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye

AU - Gebreyohannes, Eyob Alemayehu

AU - Gesesew, Hailay Abrha

AU - Obsa, Abera Getachew

AU - Ghadiri, Keyghobad

AU - Ghashghaee, Ahmad

AU - Gilani, Syed Amir

AU - Ginindza, Themba T.G.

AU - Glăvan, Ionela-Roxana

AU - Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna

AU - Golechha, Mahaveer

AU - Gugnani, Harish Chander

AU - Gupta, Bhawna

AU - Gupta, Sapna

AU - Gupta, Veer Bala

AU - Gupta, Vivek Kumar

AU - Hamidi, Samer

AU - Handanagic, Senad

AU - Haque, Shafiul

AU - Harapan, Harapan

AU - Hargono, Arief

AU - Hasaballah, Ahmed I.

AU - Hashi, Abdiwahab

AU - Hassan, Shoaib

AU - Hassanipour, Soheil

AU - Hayat, Khezar

AU - Heredia-Pi, Ileana

AU - Hezam, Kamal

AU - Holla, Ramesh

AU - Hoogar, Praveen

AU - Hoque, Mohammad Enamul

AU - Hosseini, Mostafa

AU - Hosseinzadeh, Medhi

AU - Hsairi, Mohamed

AU - Hussain, Rabia

AU - Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel

AU - Idrisov, Bulat

AU - Ikuta, Kevin S.

AU - Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen

AU - Ilic, Irena M.

AU - Ilic, Milena D.

AU - Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi

AU - Islam, M Mifizul

AU - Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah

AU - Itumalla, Ramaiah

AU - Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi

AU - Jabbarinejad, Roxanna

AU - Jain, Vardhmaan

AU - Jayawardena, Ranil

AU - Jha, Ravi Prakash

AU - Joseph, Nitin

AU - Kabir, Ali

AU - Kabir, Zubair

AU - Kalhor, Rohollah

AU - Kaliyadan, Feroze

AU - Kamath, Ashwin

AU - Kanchan, Tanuj

AU - Kandel, Himal

AU - Kassahun, Getinet

AU - Katoto, Patrick DMC

AU - Kayode, Gbenga A.

AU - Kebede, Ermiyas Mulu

AU - Kebede, Hafte Kahsay

AU - Khajuria, Himanshu

AU - Khalid, Nauman

AU - Khan, Ejaz Ahmad

AU - Khan, Gulfaraz

AU - Khatab, Khaled

AU - Kim, Min Seo

AU - Kim, Yun Jin

AU - Kisa, Adnan

AU - Kisa, Sezer

AU - Kochhar, Sonali

AU - Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich

AU - Koul, Parvaiz A.

AU - Koulmane Laxminarayana, SindhuraLakshmi

AU - Koyanagi, Ai

AU - Krishan, Kewal

AU - Kuate Defo, Barthelemy

AU - Kumar, G. Anil

AU - Kumar, Manasi

AU - Kumar, Nithin

AU - Kwarteng, Alexander

AU - Lal, Dharmesh K.

AU - Landires, Iván

AU - Lasrado, Savita

AU - Lassi, Zohra S.

AU - Lazarus, Jeffrey V

AU - Lee, Jane Jean Hee

AU - Lee, Yeong Yeh

AU - LeGrand, Kate E.

AU - Lin, Christine

AU - Liu, Xuefeng

AU - Maddison, Emilie R.

AU - Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy

AU - Mahasha, Phetole Walter

AU - Majeed, Azeem

AU - Makki, Alaa

AU - Malik, Ahmad Azam

AU - Manamo, Wondimu Ayele

AU - Mansournia, Mohammad Ali

AU - Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio

AU - Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra

AU - Memish, Ziad A

AU - Menezes, Ritesh G.

AU - Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku

AU - Merie, Hayimro Edemealem

AU - Mersha, Amanual Getnet

AU - Mestrovic, Tomislav

AU - Meylakhs, Peter

AU - Mheidly, Nour

AU - Miller, Ted R.

AU - Mirica, Andreea

AU - Moazen, Babak

AU - Mohammad, Yousef

AU - Mwanri, Lillian

AU - Tesfay, Fisaha Haile

AU - Ward, Paul

AU - Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine

AU - Mohammadi, Mokhtar

AU - Yadav, Lalit

PY - 2021/10/1

Y1 - 2021/10/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. METHODS: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1-38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78-0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91-1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95-1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58-35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49-42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05-0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was 1·94 (1·76-2·12). No regions met suggested thresholds for progress. INTERPRETATION: Sub-Saharan Africa had both the highest HIV burden and the greatest progress between 1990 and 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths in males and females approached parity in 2019, although there remained more females with HIV than males with HIV. Globally, the HIV epidemic is far from the UNAIDS benchmarks on progress metrics. FUNDING: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Aging of the NIH.

AB - BACKGROUND: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. METHODS: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1-38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78-0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91-1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95-1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58-35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49-42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05-0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was 1·94 (1·76-2·12). No regions met suggested thresholds for progress. INTERPRETATION: Sub-Saharan Africa had both the highest HIV burden and the greatest progress between 1990 and 2019. The number of incident cases and deaths in males and females approached parity in 2019, although there remained more females with HIV than males with HIV. Globally, the HIV epidemic is far from the UNAIDS benchmarks on progress metrics. FUNDING: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Aging of the NIH.

KW - Sex-Specific Burden

KW - HIV

KW - Epidemic

UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/1135991

UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/1195716

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117526510&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00152-1

DO - 10.1016/S2352-3018(21)00152-1

M3 - Article

SN - 2352-3018

VL - 8

SP - e633-e651

JO - The Lancet HIV

JF - The Lancet HIV

IS - 10

ER -

Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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UN SDGs

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