TY - JOUR
T1 - High quality and anti-inflammatory diets and a healthy lifestyle are associated with lower sleep apnea risk
AU - Melaku, Yohannes Adama
AU - Reynolds, Amy C.
AU - Appleton, Sarah
AU - Sweetman, Alexander
AU - Shi, Zumin
AU - Vakulin, Andrew
AU - Catcheside, Peter
AU - Eckert, Danny
AU - Adams, Robert
PY - 2022/6/1
Y1 - 2022/6/1
N2 - STUDY OBJECTIVES: Most studies on diet and sleep apnea focus on calorie restriction. Here we investigate potential associations between dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index [HEI], Dietary Inflammatory Index [DII]) and overall healthy lifestyle with sleep apnea risk. METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (waves 2005-2008 and 2015-2018; n = 14,210) were used to determine HEI, DII, and their quintiles, with the fifth quintile indicating highest adherence to each dietary construct. A healthy lifestyle score was determined using diet, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity level. The STOP-BANG questionnaire was used to define sleep apnea risk. Generalized linear regression models with binomial family and logit link were used to investigate potential associations. The models were adjusted for socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions. RESULTS: The prevalence of high sleep apnea risk was 25.1%. Higher DII was positively associated with sleep apnea (odds ratioQuintile 5 vs Quintile 1 = 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.94; P for trend < .001), whereas higher HEI was associated with reduced sleep apnea risk (odds ratioQuintile 5 vs Quintile 1 = 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.88; P for trend = .007). Higher healthy lifestyle score was also associated with decreased odds of sleep apnea (P for trend < .001). There was a significant interaction between healthy lifestyle and sex with sleep apnea risk (P for interaction = .049) whereby females with higher healthy lifestyle scores had a lower risk of sleep apnea compared to males. CONCLUSIONS: Higher-quality and anti-inflammatory diets and a healthier overall lifestyle are associated with lower sleep apnea risk. These findings underline the importance of strategies to improve overall diet quality and promote healthy behavior, not just calorie restriction, to reduce sleep apnea risk. CITATION: Melaku YA, Reynolds AC, Appleton S, et al. High-quality and anti-inflammatory diets and a healthy lifestyle are associated with lower sleep apnea risk. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(6):1667-1679.
AB - STUDY OBJECTIVES: Most studies on diet and sleep apnea focus on calorie restriction. Here we investigate potential associations between dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index [HEI], Dietary Inflammatory Index [DII]) and overall healthy lifestyle with sleep apnea risk. METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (waves 2005-2008 and 2015-2018; n = 14,210) were used to determine HEI, DII, and their quintiles, with the fifth quintile indicating highest adherence to each dietary construct. A healthy lifestyle score was determined using diet, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity level. The STOP-BANG questionnaire was used to define sleep apnea risk. Generalized linear regression models with binomial family and logit link were used to investigate potential associations. The models were adjusted for socioeconomic status, lifestyle factors, and chronic conditions. RESULTS: The prevalence of high sleep apnea risk was 25.1%. Higher DII was positively associated with sleep apnea (odds ratioQuintile 5 vs Quintile 1 = 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.24-1.94; P for trend < .001), whereas higher HEI was associated with reduced sleep apnea risk (odds ratioQuintile 5 vs Quintile 1 = 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.88; P for trend = .007). Higher healthy lifestyle score was also associated with decreased odds of sleep apnea (P for trend < .001). There was a significant interaction between healthy lifestyle and sex with sleep apnea risk (P for interaction = .049) whereby females with higher healthy lifestyle scores had a lower risk of sleep apnea compared to males. CONCLUSIONS: Higher-quality and anti-inflammatory diets and a healthier overall lifestyle are associated with lower sleep apnea risk. These findings underline the importance of strategies to improve overall diet quality and promote healthy behavior, not just calorie restriction, to reduce sleep apnea risk. CITATION: Melaku YA, Reynolds AC, Appleton S, et al. High-quality and anti-inflammatory diets and a healthy lifestyle are associated with lower sleep apnea risk. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(6):1667-1679.
KW - Anti-inflammatory diets
KW - Healthy Eating Index
KW - Dietary Inflammatory Index
KW - adiposity
KW - lifestyle
KW - dietary pattern
KW - inflammation
KW - diet
KW - dietary quality
KW - sleep apnea
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131224230&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.5664/jcsm.9950
DO - 10.5664/jcsm.9950
M3 - Article
C2 - 35232539
AN - SCOPUS:85131224230
SN - 1550-9389
VL - 18
SP - 1667
EP - 1679
JO - Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
JF - Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
IS - 6
ER -