Higher latitude is significantly associated with an earlier age of disease onset in multiple sclerosis

C Tao, S Simpson, van I, L Blizzard, E Havrdova, Dana Horakova, Vahid Shaygannejad, A Lugaresi, G Izquierdo, M Trojano, P Duquette, M Girard, F Grand'Maison, P Grammond, Raed Alroughani, M Terzi, C Oreja-Guevara, S. A. Sajedi, G Iuliano, Patrizia SolaJeannette Lechner-Scott, V Van Pesch, Eugenio Pucci, R Bergamaschi, M Barnett, C. Ramo, Bhim Singhal, Daniele Spitaleri, Mark Slee, Freek Verheul, Ricardo Fernandez-Bolanos, Maria Amato, Edgardo Cristiano, Franco Granella, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Marcela Fiol, Orla Gray, Pamela McCombe, Maria Saladino, Jose Sanchez-Menoyo, Neil Shuey, Steve Vucic, Cameron Shaw, Norma Deri, Walter Oleschko Arruda, Helmut Butzkueven, Tim Spelman, Bruce Taylor

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    54 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Background: Age at onset (AAO) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is an important marker of disease severity and may have prognostic significance. Understanding what factors can influence AAO may shed light on the aetiology of this complex disease, and have applications in the diagnostic process. Methods: The study cohort of 22 162 eligible patients from 21 countries was extracted from the MSBase registry. Only patients with MS aged ≥16 years were included. To reduce heterogeneity, only centres of largely European descent were included for analysis. AAO was defined as the year of the first symptom suggestive of inflammatory central nervous system demyelination. Predictors of AAO were evaluated by linear regression. Results: Compared with those living in lower latitudes (19.0-39.9°), onset of symptoms was 1.9 years earlier for those at higher latitudes (50.0-56.0°) (p=3.83×10-23). A reciprocal relationship was seen for ambient ultraviolet radiation (UVR), with a significantly increasing AAO for patients with MS per each quartile increment of ambient UVR (p=1.56×10-17). We found that the AAO of female patients was ∼5 months earlier than male patients (p=0.002). AAO of progressive-onset patients with MS were ∼9 years later than relapsing-onset patients (p=1.40×10-265). Conclusions: An earlier AAO in higher latitude regions was found in this worldwide European-descent cohort and correlated inversely with variation in latitudinal UVR. These results suggest that environmental factors which act at the population level may significantly influence disease severity characteristics in genetically susceptible populations.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)1343-1349
    Number of pages7
    JournalJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
    Volume87
    Issue number12
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Dec 2016

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