Abstract
Recently, the Stockholm Convention prohibited the use of toxaphene and has been reviewing endosulfan. The historical use of these pesticides may contaminate food and tend to accumulate in the food chain. In this study, to evaluate the spatial and temporal trends of food contamination, the endosulfan and toxaphene levels were measured in pooled 24-h food composite samples from Chinese (n = 10), Korean (n = 10) and Japanese (n = 40) adults in the 1990s and 2007–2009. Endosulfan was detected in 32 of 40 samples from Japan, but its levels (sum of α- and β-isomers) were low in both the 1990s and 2009 (range as geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) [GM (GSD)]: 0.96 (1.6)–1.42 (1.4) ng kg−1 d−1). The dietary intakes of endosulfan in Seoul as GM (GSD) were 38.68 (1.3) ng kg bw−1 d−1 in 1994 and 92.17 (4.4) ng kg bw−1 d−1 in 2007, and significantly higher than those in Japan (p < 0.05). The …
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1398-1405 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Chemosphere |
Volume | 83 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2011 |
Externally published | Yes |