Homoarginine and inhibition of human arginase activity: kinetic characterization and biological relevance

The inhibition of arginase, resulting in higher arginine (ARG) availability for nitric oxide synthesis, may account for the putative protective effect of homoarginine (HOMOARG) against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, uncertainty exists regarding the significance of HOMOARG-induced arginase inhibition in vivo. A novel UPLC-MS method, measuring the conversion of ARG to ornithine (ORN), was developed to determine arginase 1 and arginase 2 inhibition by HOMOARG, lysine (LYS), proline (PRO), agmatine (AG), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and NG-Monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA). Plasma HOMOARG, ARG and ORN concentrations were further measured in 50 healthy older adults >65 years (27 males and 23 females). HOMOARG inhibited arginase 1 with IC₅₀ and K _i values of 8.14 ± 0.52 mM and 6.1 ± 0.50 mM, and arginase 2 with IC₅₀ and K _i values of 2.52 ± 0.01 mM and 1.73 ± 0.10 mM, respectively. Both arginase isoforms retained 90% activity vs. control when physiological HOMOARG concentrations (1-10 μM) were used. In partial correlation analysis, plasma HOMOARG was not associated with ARG (P = 0.38) or ARG/ORN ratio (P = 0.73) in older adults. Our results suggest that arginase inhibition is unlikely to play a significant role in the reported cardio-protective effects of HOMOARG.