TY - JOUR
T1 - Hot-water extracts from the inner bark of Norway spruce with immunomodulating activities
AU - Le Normand, Myriam
AU - Mélida, Hugo
AU - Holmbom, Bjarne
AU - Michaelsen, Terje E.
AU - Inngjerdingen, Marit
AU - Bulone, Vincent
AU - Paulsen, Berit Smestad
AU - Ek, Monica
PY - 2014/1/30
Y1 - 2014/1/30
N2 - The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100 C, 140 C and 160 C. The hot-water extracts (IB 100 C, IB 140 C and IB 160 C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. IB 100 C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. IB 160 C was mainly composed of starch. The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. IB 100 C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140 C and IB 160 C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100 C and IB 140 C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160 C. IB 100 C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin.
AB - The inner bark of Norway spruce (Picea abies) was sequentially extracted with hot water at 100 C, 140 C and 160 C. The hot-water extracts (IB 100 C, IB 140 C and IB 160 C) contained pectic polysaccharides and showed immunostimulating activities. Structural analyses of their carbohydrate content, including glycosidic linkage analyses, revealed the presence of pectins with a large rhamnogalacturonan RG-I domain ramified with highly-branched arabinans. IB 100 C also contained a large amount of terminal glucosyl residues, indicating the presence of highly substituted polymers. IB 160 C was mainly composed of starch. The hot-water extracts were tested for two biological activities, namely complement fixation and macrophage stimulation. IB 100 C exhibited the highest complement fixation activity, with a 1.7-times higher ICH50 than the control pectin, while IB 140 C and IB 160 C gave similar ICH50 values as the control. Macrophages were stimulated by IB 100 C and IB 140 C in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IB 160 C. IB 100 C presented the highest activity toward macrophages, comparable to the control pectin.
KW - Bark
KW - Biorefinery
KW - Compositional analysis
KW - Immunomodulating activities
KW - Pectins
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84886193809&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.067
DO - 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.067
M3 - Article
C2 - 24299828
AN - SCOPUS:84886193809
SN - 0144-8617
VL - 101
SP - 699
EP - 704
JO - Carbohydrate Polymers
JF - Carbohydrate Polymers
ER -