Hypoxic burden to guide CPAP treatment allocation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a post hoc study of the ISAACC trial

Lucía Pinilla, Neda Esmaeili, Gonzalo Labarca, Miguel Ángel Martinez-Garcia, Gerard Torres, Esther Gracia-Lavedan, Olga Mínguez, Dolores Martínez, Jorge Abad, Maria José Masdeu, Olga Mediano, Carmen Muñoz, Valentín Cabriada, Joaquín Duran-Cantolla, Mercè Mayos, Ramón Coloma, Josep María Montserrat, Mónica de la Peña, Wen Hsin Hu, Ludovico MessineoMohammadreza Sehhati, Andrew Wellman, Susan Redline, Scott Sands, Ferran Barbé, Manuel Sánchez-De-la-Torre, Ali Azarbarzin

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24 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Background 

Hypoxic burden (HB) has emerged as a strong predictor of cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We aimed to assess the potential of HB to predict the cardiovascular benefit of treating OSA with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). 

Methods 

This was a post hoc analysis of the ISAACC trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01335087) including non-sleepy patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) diagnosed with OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index 15 events·h−1) by respiratory polygraphy. Patients were randomised to CPAP or usual care and followed for a minimum of 1 year. HB was calculated as the total area under all automatically identified desaturations divided by total sleep time. Patients were categorised as having high or low baseline HB according to the median value (73.1%min·h−1). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess whether the effect of CPAP on the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes was dependent on the baseline HB level. 

Results 

The population (362 patients assigned to CPAP and 365 patients assigned to usual care) was middle-aged (mean age 59.7 years), overweight/obese and mostly male (84.5%). A significant interaction was found between the treatment arm and the HB categories. In the high HB group, CPAP treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular events (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.96). In the low HB group, CPAP-treated patients exhibited a trend toward a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes than those receiving usual care (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.79–2.25). The differential effect of the treatment depending on the baseline HB level followed a dose–response relationship. 

Conclusion

In non-sleepy ACS patients with OSA, high HB levels were associated with a long-term protective effect of CPAP on cardiovascular prognosis.

Original languageEnglish
Article number2300828
Number of pages12
JournalEuropean Respiratory Journal
Volume62
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Dec 2023
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea
  • Hypoxic burden
  • CPAP
  • Continuous positive airway pressure treatment

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