TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of recent antibiotics on nasopharyngeal carriage and lower airway infection in Indigenous Australian children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis
AU - Hare, Kim
AU - Leach, Amanda
AU - Morris, Peter
AU - Smith-Vaughan, Heidi
AU - Torzillo, Paul
AU - Bauert, Paul
AU - Cheng, Allen
AU - McDonald, Malcolm
AU - Brown, Ngiare
AU - Chang, Anne
AU - Grimwood, K
PY - 2012/10
Y1 - 2012/10
N2 - Indigenous Australian children have increased rates of bronchiectasis. Despite a lack of high-level evidence on effectiveness and antibiotic resistance, these children often receive long-term antibiotics. In this study, we determined the impact of recent macrolide (primarily azithromycin) and β-lactam antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal colonisation, lower airway infection (>104 CFU/mL of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture) and antibiotic resistance in non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from 104 Indigenous children with radiographically confirmed bronchiectasis. Recent antibiotic use was associated with significantly reduced nasopharyngeal carriage, especially of S. pneumoniae in 39 children who received macrolides [odds ratio (OR) = 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.63] and 26 children who received β-lactams (OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.32), but had no significant effect on lower airway infection involving any of the three pathogens. Children given macrolides were significantly more likely to carry (OR = 4.58, 95% CI 1.14-21.7) and be infected by (OR = 8.13, 95% CI 1.47-81.3) azithromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Children who received β-lactam antibiotics may be more likely to have lower airway infection with β-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant NTHi (OR = 4.40, 95% CI 0.85-23.9). The risk of lower airway infection by antibiotic-resistant pathogens in children receiving antibiotics is of concern. Clinical trials to determine the overall benefit of long-term antibiotic therapy are underway.
AB - Indigenous Australian children have increased rates of bronchiectasis. Despite a lack of high-level evidence on effectiveness and antibiotic resistance, these children often receive long-term antibiotics. In this study, we determined the impact of recent macrolide (primarily azithromycin) and β-lactam antibiotic use on nasopharyngeal colonisation, lower airway infection (>104 CFU/mL of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid culture) and antibiotic resistance in non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis isolates from 104 Indigenous children with radiographically confirmed bronchiectasis. Recent antibiotic use was associated with significantly reduced nasopharyngeal carriage, especially of S. pneumoniae in 39 children who received macrolides [odds ratio (OR) = 0.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.63] and 26 children who received β-lactams (OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.32), but had no significant effect on lower airway infection involving any of the three pathogens. Children given macrolides were significantly more likely to carry (OR = 4.58, 95% CI 1.14-21.7) and be infected by (OR = 8.13, 95% CI 1.47-81.3) azithromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae. Children who received β-lactam antibiotics may be more likely to have lower airway infection with β-lactamase-positive ampicillin-resistant NTHi (OR = 4.40, 95% CI 0.85-23.9). The risk of lower airway infection by antibiotic-resistant pathogens in children receiving antibiotics is of concern. Clinical trials to determine the overall benefit of long-term antibiotic therapy are underway.
KW - Azithromycin
KW - Bronchiectasis
KW - Microbial drug resistance
KW - Nasopharynx
KW - Respiratory tract infections
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84866027983&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.05.018
DO - 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.05.018
M3 - Article
VL - 40
SP - 365
EP - 369
JO - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
JF - International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
SN - 0924-8579
IS - 4
ER -