Isopropyl alcohol inhalation versus 5-HT3 antagonists for treatment of nausea: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

James S. Kimber, Joshua G. Kovoor, John M. Glynatsis, Samuel J. West, Thi Thien Nhi Mai, Jonathan Henry W. Jacobsen, Christopher D. Ovenden, Stephen Bacchi, Joseph N. Hewitt, Aashray K. Gupta, Suzanne Edwards, Fiona J. Taverner, David I. Watson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)
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Abstract

Purpose: Nausea is a common and unpleasant sensation for which current therapies such as serotonin (5-HT3) antagonists are often ineffective, while also conferring a risk of potential adverse events. Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) has been proposed as a treatment for nausea. We aimed to compare IPA with 5-HT3 antagonists for the treatment of nausea across all clinical settings. 

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CENTRAL and CINAHL were searched from inception to 17 July 2023 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing inhaled IPA and a 5-HT3 antagonist for treatment of nausea. Severity and duration of nausea, rescue antiemetic use, adverse events and patient satisfaction were the outcomes sought. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Random-effects model was used for meta-analysis. Combination of meta-analyses and narrative review was used to synthesise findings. The evidence was appraised using GRADE. 

Results: From 1242 records, 4 RCTs were included with 382 participants. Participants receiving IPA had a significantly lower mean time to 50% reduction in nausea (MD − 20.06; 95% CI − 26.26, − 13.85). Nausea score reduction at 30 min was significantly greater in the IPA group (MD 21.47; 95% CI 15.47, 27.47). IPA led to significantly reduced requirement for rescue antiemetics (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37, 0.95; p = 0.03). IPA led to no significant difference in patient satisfaction when compared with a 5-HT3 antagonist. The overall GRADE assessment of evidence quality ranged from very low to low. 

Conclusion: IPA may provide rapid, effective relief of nausea when compared with 5-HT3 antagonists.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1525-1535
Number of pages11
JournalEuropean Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Volume79
Issue number11
Early online date14 Sept 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2023

Keywords

  • 5-HT3 antagonist
  • Aromatherapy
  • Isopropyl alcohol
  • Nausea

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