Laparoscopic Fundoplication in Patients with a Hypertensive Lower Esophageal Sphincter

A small proportion of patients evaluated with manometry prior to a fundoplication have a high-pressure lower esophageal sphincter (LES). This paper examines the outcome of laparoscopic fundoplication for these patients. Between October 1991 and December 2006, 1,886 patients underwent primary laparoscopic fundoplication. Those with a high-pressure LES on preoperative manometry (LESP ≤30 mm Hg at end expiration) were identified from a prospective database. Long-term outcomes were determined using analogue symptom scores (0-10) for heartburn, dysphagia, and patient satisfaction and compared to those of a matched control group. Thirty patients (1.6%), nine men and 21 women, median age 51 years, had a hypertensive LES (mean, 36 mmHg; range, 30-55). Median follow-up after fundoplication was 99 (12-182) months. These patients had similar mean symptom scores to 30 matched controls for heartburn (2.3 vs. 2.2, P∈=∈0.541), dysphagia (2.7 vs. 3.1, P∈=∈0.539), and satisfaction (7.4 vs. 7.6, P∈=∈0.546). Five patients required revision for dysphagia compared to no control patients (P∈=∈0.005). These patients had a higher preoperative dysphagia score (6.6 vs. 3.1, P∈=∈0.036). Laparoscopic fundoplication can be performed with good long-term results for patients with reflux and a hypertensive LES. However, those with preoperative dysphagia have a higher failure rate.