TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term quantification and characterisation of wind farm noise amplitude modulation
AU - Nguyen, Phuc D.
AU - Hansen, Kristy L.
AU - Catcheside, Peter
AU - Hansen, Colin H.
AU - Zajamsek, Branko
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - The large-scale expansion of wind farms has prompted community debate regarding adverse impacts of wind farm noise (WFN). One of the most annoying and potentially sleep disturbing components of WFN is amplitude modulation (AM). Here we quantified and characterised AM over one year using acoustical and meteorological data measured at three locations near three wind farms. We found that the diurnal variation of outdoor AM prevalence was substantial, whereby the nighttime prevalence was approximately 2 to 5 times higher than the daytime prevalence. On average, indoor AM occurred during the nighttime from 1.1 to 1.7 times less often than outdoor AM, but the indoor AM depth was higher than that measured outdoors. We observed an association between AM prevalence and sunset and sunrise. AM occurred more often during downwind and crosswind conditions. These findings provide important insights into long term WFN characteristics that will help to inform future WFN assessment guidelines.
AB - The large-scale expansion of wind farms has prompted community debate regarding adverse impacts of wind farm noise (WFN). One of the most annoying and potentially sleep disturbing components of WFN is amplitude modulation (AM). Here we quantified and characterised AM over one year using acoustical and meteorological data measured at three locations near three wind farms. We found that the diurnal variation of outdoor AM prevalence was substantial, whereby the nighttime prevalence was approximately 2 to 5 times higher than the daytime prevalence. On average, indoor AM occurred during the nighttime from 1.1 to 1.7 times less often than outdoor AM, but the indoor AM depth was higher than that measured outdoors. We observed an association between AM prevalence and sunset and sunrise. AM occurred more often during downwind and crosswind conditions. These findings provide important insights into long term WFN characteristics that will help to inform future WFN assessment guidelines.
KW - Amplitude modulation
KW - Long-term characterisation and quantification
KW - Wind farm noise
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108687903&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/ARC/DP120102185
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/ARC/DE180100022
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/1113571
U2 - 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109678
DO - 10.1016/j.measurement.2021.109678
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85108687903
SN - 0263-2241
VL - 182
JO - Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation
JF - Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation
M1 - 109678
ER -