Noncovalent Protein-Pseudorotaxane Assembly Incorporating an Extended Arm Calix[8]arene with α-Helical Recognition Properties

Water-soluble, anionic calix[n]arenes are useful receptors for protein recognition and assembly. For example, sulfonato-calix[8]arene (sclx8) can encapsulate proteins and direct their assembly into porous frameworks. In this work, we turned our attention to an "extended arm"calixarene with 16 phenyl rings. We hypothesized that this larger receptor would have increased capacity for protein masking/encapsulation. A cocrystal structure of p-benzyl-sulfonato-calix[8]arene (b-sclx8) and cytochrome c (cyt c) revealed a surprising assembly. A pseudorotaxane comprising a stack of three b-sclx8 molecules threaded by polyethylene glycol (PEG) was bound to the protein. The trimeric b-sclx8 stack, a tubelike structure with a highly charged surface, mediated assembly via a new mode of protein recognition. The calixarene stack presents four hydrophobic grooves, each of which binds to one cyt c by accommodating the N-terminal α-helix. This unprecedented binding mode suggests new possibilities for supramolecular protein chemistry.