Abstract
Objective To determine outcomes of small renal masses (≤4 cm) on active surveillance and explore factors which can influence their growth. Patients and methods Two hundred twenty six patients between January 2007 and December 2014 were analysed using cross-linked methodology of healthcare data and independent review. Cancer specific and non-specific survival were the primary outcomes. Growth kinetics, factors influencing growth and need for interventions were secondary outcomes. Results 101 (64.4%) solid and 4 (5.9%) cystic SRMs showed growth. 43 (19.02%) of SRMs required treatment interventions. Seven patients (7/158; 4.4%) died due to renal cancer at a median follow-up of 21.7 (SD 10.6, min 6–42) months, all in solid category. Independent review of serial radiological imaging of these seven cases showed two patients had subtle metastatic disease at the initial presentation, and 5 of the 7 did not adhere to recommended imaging regime. 33 (33/158; 20.8%) died due to other causes including non-renal cancers (14/158; 8.8%). Multivariate analyses showed that lower eGFR at baseline, co-morbidities and tumour location were independently associated with growth in size. Conclusions A higher cancer-specific mortality was seen in the present study compared to the reported literature. Independent critical review of imaging of cases with poor outcome underscored the importance of adherence to a robust protocol including follow up. Comorbid conditions had a significant impact on growth and overall survival of patients with SRMs.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1589-1597 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | European Journal of Surgical Oncology |
Volume | 43 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Aug 2017 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Active surveillance
- Co-morbidities
- Growth patterns
- Outcomes
- Small renal masses