Preferred Attributes of Care Pathways for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea from the Perspective of Diagnosed Patients and High-Risk Individuals: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Background: The current healthcare system is challenged with a large and rising demand for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) services. A paradigm shift in OSA management is required to incorporate the preferences of diagnosed patients and individuals at high risk of OSA. Objectives: This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the values and preferences of individuals diagnosed with OSA and high-risk populations regarding distinct OSA care pathway features. Methods: A discrete choice experiment was undertaken in two groups: those with a formal diagnosis of OSA (n = 421) and those undiagnosed but at high risk of having OSA (n = 1033). Participants were recruited from a large cross-sectional survey in Australia. The discrete choice experiment approach used mixed-logit regression models to determine preferences relating to eight salient features of the OSA management pathway, i.e. initial assessment provider, sleep study setting, diagnosis costs, waiting times, results interpretation, treatment options, provider of ongoing care and frequency of follow-up visits. Results: The findings indicate that all eight attributes investigated were statistically significant factors for respondents. Generally, both groups preferred low diagnostic costs, fewer follow-up visits, minimum waiting time for sleep study results and sleep specialists to recommend treatment. Management of OSA in primary care was acceptable to both groups and was the most preferred option by the high-risk group for the initial assessment, sleep study testing and ongoing care provision. Conclusions: The discrete choice experiment results offer a promising approach for systematic incorporation of patient and high-risk group preferences into the future design and delivery of care pathways for OSA management.