TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence of wind farm amplitude modulation at long-range residential locations
AU - Hansen, Kristy L.
AU - Nguyen, Phuc
AU - Zajamšek, Branko
AU - Catcheside, Peter G.
AU - Hansen, Colin H.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - The presence of amplitude modulation (AM) in wind farm noise has been shown to result in increased annoyance. Therefore, it is important to determine how often this characteristic is present at residential locations near a wind farm. This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of wind farm AM at 9 different residences located near a South Australian wind farm that has been the subject of complaints from local residents. It is shown that an audible indoor low-frequency tone was amplitude modulated at the blade-pass frequency for 20% of the time up to a distance of 2.4 km. The audible AM occurred for a similar percentage of time between wind farm percentage power capacities of 40 and 85%, indicating that it is important that AM analysis is not restricted to high power output conditions only. Although the number of AM events is shown to reduce with distance, audible indoor AM still occurred for 16% of the time at a distance of 3.5 km. At distances of 7.6 and 8.8 km, audible AM was only detected on one occasion. At night-time, audible AM occurred indoors at residences located as far as 3.5 km from the wind farm for up to 22% of the time.
AB - The presence of amplitude modulation (AM) in wind farm noise has been shown to result in increased annoyance. Therefore, it is important to determine how often this characteristic is present at residential locations near a wind farm. This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of wind farm AM at 9 different residences located near a South Australian wind farm that has been the subject of complaints from local residents. It is shown that an audible indoor low-frequency tone was amplitude modulated at the blade-pass frequency for 20% of the time up to a distance of 2.4 km. The audible AM occurred for a similar percentage of time between wind farm percentage power capacities of 40 and 85%, indicating that it is important that AM analysis is not restricted to high power output conditions only. Although the number of AM events is shown to reduce with distance, audible indoor AM still occurred for 16% of the time at a distance of 3.5 km. At distances of 7.6 and 8.8 km, audible AM was only detected on one occasion. At night-time, audible AM occurred indoors at residences located as far as 3.5 km from the wind farm for up to 22% of the time.
KW - Amplitude modulation
KW - Wind farm noise
KW - Low-frequency noise
KW - Tonal noise
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/ARC/DP120102185
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/ARC/DE180100022
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/ARC/FT120100510
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/NHMRC/1113571
U2 - 10.1016/j.jsv.2019.05.008
DO - 10.1016/j.jsv.2019.05.008
M3 - Article
VL - 455
SP - 136
EP - 149
JO - JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
JF - JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
SN - 0022-460X
ER -