Rapid detection of small faults and oscillations in synchronous generator systems using GMDH neural networks and high-gain observers

This paper presents a robust and efficient fault detection and diagnosis framework for handling small faults and oscillations in synchronous generator (SG) systems. The proposed framework utilizes the Brunovsky form representation of nonlinear systems to mathematically formulate the fault detection problem. A differential flatness model of SG systems is provided to meet the conditions of the Brunovsky form representation. A combination of high-gain observer and group method of data handling neural network is employed to estimate the trajectory of the system and to learn/approximate the fault-and uncertainty-associated functions. The fault detection mechanism is developed based on the output residual generation and monitoring so that any unfavorable oscillation and/or fault occurrence can be detected rapidly. Accordingly, an average L1-norm criterion is proposed for rapid decision making in faulty situations. The performance of the proposed framework is investigated for two benchmark scenarios which are actuation fault and fault impact on system dynamics. The simulation results demonstrate the capacity and effectiveness of the proposed solution for rapid fault detection and diagnosis in SG systems in practice, and thus enhancing service maintenance, protection, and life cycle of SGs.