Reaction of [ 18F]Fluoride at Heteroatoms and Metals for Imaging of Peptides and Proteins by Positron Emission Tomography

Kymberley Scroggie, Mike Perkins, Justin Chalker

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

24 Citations (Scopus)
110 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The ability to radiolabel proteins with [18F]fluoride enables the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the early detection, staging and diagnosis of disease. The direct fluorination of native proteins through C-F bond formation is, however, a difficult task. The aqueous environments required by proteins severely hampers fluorination yields while the dry, organic solvents that promote nucleophilic fluorination can denature proteins. To circumvent these issues, indirect fluorination methods making use of prosthetic groups that are first fluorinated and then conjugated to a protein have become commonplace. But, when it comes to the radiofluorination of proteins, these indirect methods are not always suited to the short half-life of the fluorine-18 radionuclide (110 min). This review explores radiofluorination through bond formation with fluoride at boron, metal complexes, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. The potential for these techniques to be used for the direct, aqueous radiolabeling of proteins with [18F]fluoride is discussed.
Original languageEnglish
Article number687678
Number of pages17
JournalFrontiers Chemistry
Volume9
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 23 Jun 2021

Keywords

  • fluorine-18
  • positron emission tomography
  • protein modification
  • aqueous fluorination
  • radiolabeling (18F)

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