TY - JOUR
T1 - Reaction of [
18F]Fluoride at Heteroatoms and Metals for Imaging of Peptides and Proteins by Positron Emission Tomography
AU - Scroggie, Kymberley
AU - Perkins, Mike
AU - Chalker, Justin
PY - 2021/6/23
Y1 - 2021/6/23
N2 - The ability to radiolabel proteins with [18F]fluoride enables the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the early detection, staging and diagnosis of disease. The direct fluorination of native proteins through C-F bond formation is, however, a difficult task. The aqueous environments required by proteins severely hampers fluorination yields while the dry, organic solvents that promote nucleophilic fluorination can denature proteins. To circumvent these issues, indirect fluorination methods making use of prosthetic groups that are first fluorinated and then conjugated to a protein have become commonplace. But, when it comes to the radiofluorination of proteins, these indirect methods are not always suited to the short half-life of the fluorine-18 radionuclide (110 min). This review explores radiofluorination through bond formation with fluoride at boron, metal complexes, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. The potential for these techniques to be used for the direct, aqueous radiolabeling of proteins with [18F]fluoride is discussed.
AB - The ability to radiolabel proteins with [18F]fluoride enables the use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the early detection, staging and diagnosis of disease. The direct fluorination of native proteins through C-F bond formation is, however, a difficult task. The aqueous environments required by proteins severely hampers fluorination yields while the dry, organic solvents that promote nucleophilic fluorination can denature proteins. To circumvent these issues, indirect fluorination methods making use of prosthetic groups that are first fluorinated and then conjugated to a protein have become commonplace. But, when it comes to the radiofluorination of proteins, these indirect methods are not always suited to the short half-life of the fluorine-18 radionuclide (110 min). This review explores radiofluorination through bond formation with fluoride at boron, metal complexes, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur. The potential for these techniques to be used for the direct, aqueous radiolabeling of proteins with [18F]fluoride is discussed.
KW - fluorine-18
KW - positron emission tomography
KW - protein modification
KW - aqueous fluorination
KW - radiolabeling (18F)
UR - http://purl.org/au-research/grants/ARC/DP200100090
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109132269&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fchem.2021.687678
DO - 10.3389/fchem.2021.687678
M3 - Review article
VL - 9
JO - Frontiers Chemistry
JF - Frontiers Chemistry
M1 - 687678
ER -