Relationships between outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index in children: A 12-country study

Richard Larouche; Tiago V. Barreira; Gang Hu; José António Maia; Olga Sarmiento; Peter T. Katzmarzyk; Emily F. Mire; Jean Philippe Chaput; Estelle Victoria Lambert; Tim Olds; Martyn Standage; Kevin Belanger; Mikael Fogelholm; Carol Ann Maher; Vincent Ochieng Onywera; Catrine E. Tudor- Locke; Mark S. Tremblay; Timothy S. Church; Denise G. Lambert; Stephanie T. Broyles; Ben P. Butitta; Catherine M. Champagne; Shannon H. Cocreham; Kara N. Dentro; Katy Drazba; Deirdre Deirdre M. Harrington; William D. Johnson; Dione Milauskas; Allison Tohme; Ruben Q. Rodarte; Bobby Amoroso; John Luopa; Rebecca H. Neiberg; Scott Rushing; Tim Olds; Lucy Kate Lewis; Katia Ferrar; Effie Georgiadis; Rebecca Megan Stanley; Victor Keihan Matsudo; Sandra Mahecha Matsudo; Timóteo Leandro Araújo; Luís Carlos De Oliveira; Leandro Rezende; Luis Fabiano; Diogo Bezerra; Gerson Luis Ferrari; Priscilla Bélanger; Michael Marc Borghese; Charles Boyer; Allana G.W. LeBlanc; Claire E. Francis; Geneviève Leduc; Pei Zhao; Gang Hu; Chengming Diao; Wei Li; Weiqin Li; Enquing qing Liu; Gongshu Liu; Hongyan Liu; Jian Ma; Yijuan Qiao; Huiguang Tian; Yue Wang; Tao Zhang; Fuxia Zhang; Julio Acosta; Yalta Alvira; María Paula Díaz; Rocio Gámez; Maria Paula Garcia; Luis Guillermo Gómez; Lisseth Heras González; Silvia Alejandra González; Carlos Grijalba; Leidys Gutiérrez; David Leal; Nicolás Lemus; Etelvina Mahecha; Maria Paula Mahecha; Rosalba Mahecha; Andrea Ramírez Varela; Paola Ríos; Andres Suarez; Camilo A. Triana; Elli Hovi; Jemina Kivelä; Sari M. Räsänen; Sanna Roito; Taru Saloheimo; Leena Valta; Anura Vishwanath Kurpad; Rebecca Kuriyan; Deepa P. Lokesh; Michelle Stephanie D'Almeida; R. Annie Mattilda; Lygia F.M. Correa; D. Vijay; Lucy Joy Wachira; Stella Kagwiria Muthuri; Alessandra Da Silva Borges; Sofia Oliveira Cachada; Raquel Nichele De Chaves; Thayse Natacha Gomes; Sara Isabel Pereira; Daniel Monteiro De Vilhena E Santos; Fernanda Karina Dos Santos; Pedro Gil Da Silva; Michele Caroline De Souza; Vicki E. Lambert; Matthew April; Monika Uys; Nirmala Naidoo; Nandi Synyanya; Madelaine T. Carstens; Sean P. Cumming; Clemens Drenowatz; Lydia G. Emm; Fiona Bridget Gillison; Julia Kirstey Zakrzewski; Ashley Braud; Sheletta G. Donatto; Corbin Lemon; Ana Jackson; Ashunti Pearson; Gina Pennington; Daniel Ragus; Ryan C. Roubion; John M. Schuna; Derek Wiltz; Alan Mark Batterham; Jacqueline Kerr; Michael W. Pratt; Angelo Pietrobelli

doi:10.1123/pes.2018-0055

Relationships between outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index in children: A 12-country study

Richard Larouche, Tiago V. Barreira, Gang Hu, José António Maia, Olga Sarmiento, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Emily F. Mire, Jean Philippe Chaput, Estelle Victoria Lambert, Tim Olds, Martyn Standage, Kevin Belanger, Mikael Fogelholm, Carol Ann Maher, Vincent Ochieng Onywera, Catrine E. Tudor- Locke, Mark S. Tremblay, Timothy S. Church, Denise G. Lambert, Stephanie T. BroylesBen P. Butitta, Catherine M. Champagne, Shannon H. Cocreham, Kara N. Dentro, Katy Drazba, Deirdre Deirdre M. Harrington, William D. Johnson, Dione Milauskas, Allison Tohme, Ruben Q. Rodarte, Bobby Amoroso, John Luopa, Rebecca H. Neiberg, Scott Rushing, Tim Olds, Lucy Kate Lewis, Katia Ferrar, Effie Georgiadis, Rebecca Megan Stanley, Victor Keihan Matsudo, Sandra Mahecha Matsudo, Timóteo Leandro Araújo, Luís Carlos De Oliveira, Leandro Rezende, Luis Fabiano, Diogo Bezerra, Gerson Luis Ferrari, Priscilla Bélanger, Michael Marc Borghese, Charles Boyer, Allana G.W. LeBlanc, Claire E. Francis, Geneviève Leduc, Pei Zhao, Gang Hu, Chengming Diao, Wei Li, Weiqin Li, Enquing qing Liu, Gongshu Liu, Hongyan Liu, Jian Ma, Yijuan Qiao, Huiguang Tian, Yue Wang, Tao Zhang, Fuxia Zhang, Julio Acosta, Yalta Alvira, María Paula Díaz, Rocio Gámez, Maria Paula Garcia, Luis Guillermo Gómez, Lisseth Heras González, Silvia Alejandra González, Carlos Grijalba, Leidys Gutiérrez, David Leal, Nicolás Lemus, Etelvina Mahecha, Maria Paula Mahecha, Rosalba Mahecha, Andrea Ramírez Varela, Paola Ríos, Andres Suarez, Camilo A. Triana, Elli Hovi, Jemina Kivelä, Sari M. Räsänen, Sanna Roito, Taru Saloheimo, Leena Valta, Anura Vishwanath Kurpad, Rebecca Kuriyan, Deepa P. Lokesh, Michelle Stephanie D'Almeida, R. Annie Mattilda, Lygia F.M. Correa, D. Vijay, Lucy Joy Wachira, Stella Kagwiria Muthuri, Alessandra Da Silva Borges, Sofia Oliveira Cachada, Raquel Nichele De Chaves, Thayse Natacha Gomes, Sara Isabel Pereira, Daniel Monteiro De Vilhena E Santos, Fernanda Karina Dos Santos, Pedro Gil Da Silva, Michele Caroline De Souza, Vicki E. Lambert, Matthew April, Monika Uys, Nirmala Naidoo, Nandi Synyanya, Madelaine T. Carstens, Sean P. Cumming, Clemens Drenowatz, Lydia G. Emm, Fiona Bridget Gillison, Julia Kirstey Zakrzewski, Ashley Braud, Sheletta G. Donatto, Corbin Lemon, Ana Jackson, Ashunti Pearson, Gina Pennington, Daniel Ragus, Ryan C. Roubion, John M. Schuna, Derek Wiltz, Alan Mark Batterham, Jacqueline Kerr, Michael W. Pratt, Angelo Pietrobelli

Flinders University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and body mass index z scores among children from 12 lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Methods: In total, 6478 children (54.4% girls) aged 9-11 years participated. Outdoor time was self-reported, PA and SED were assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and height and weight were measured. Data on parental education, neighborhood collective efficacy, and accessibility to neighborhood recreation facilities were collected from parent questionnaires. Country latitude and climate statistics were collected through national weather data sources. Gender-stratified multilevel models with parental education, climate, and neighborhood variables as covariates were used to examine the relationship between outdoor time, accelerometry measures, and body mass index z scores. Results: Each additional hour per day spent outdoors was associated with higher moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA (boys: +2.8 min/d; girls: +1.4 min/d), higher light-intensity PA (boys: +2.0 min/d; girls: +2.3 min/d), and lower SED (boys: -6.3 min/d; girls: -5.1 min/d). Effect sizes were generally weaker in lower-middle-income countries. Outdoor time was not associated with body mass index z scores. Conclusions: Outdoor time was associated with higher PA and lower SED independent of climate, parental education, and neighborhood variables, but effect sizes were small. However, more research is needed in low-and middle-income countries.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	118-129
Number of pages	12
Journal	Pediatric Exercise Science
Volume	31
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0055
Publication status	Published - 1 Feb 2019

Keywords

exercise
epidemiology
health promotion
motor behavior
Exercise
Motor behavior
Health promotion
Epidemiology

Access to Document

10.1123/pes.2018-0055Licence: In Copyright

Cite this

Larouche, R., Barreira, T. V., Hu, G., Maia, J. A., Sarmiento, O., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Mire, E. F., Chaput, J. P., Lambert, E. V., Olds, T., Standage, M., Belanger, K., Fogelholm, M., Maher, C. A., Onywera, V. O., Tudor- Locke, C. E., Tremblay, M. S., Church, T. S., Lambert, D. G., ... Pietrobelli, A. (2019). Relationships between outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index in children: A 12-country study. Pediatric Exercise Science, 31(1), 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0055

@article{d5788dfd29ba4df498e6d8c8752b91db,

title = "Relationships between outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index in children: A 12-country study",

abstract = "Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and body mass index z scores among children from 12 lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Methods: In total, 6478 children (54.4% girls) aged 9-11 years participated. Outdoor time was self-reported, PA and SED were assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and height and weight were measured. Data on parental education, neighborhood collective efficacy, and accessibility to neighborhood recreation facilities were collected from parent questionnaires. Country latitude and climate statistics were collected through national weather data sources. Gender-stratified multilevel models with parental education, climate, and neighborhood variables as covariates were used to examine the relationship between outdoor time, accelerometry measures, and body mass index z scores. Results: Each additional hour per day spent outdoors was associated with higher moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA (boys: +2.8 min/d; girls: +1.4 min/d), higher light-intensity PA (boys: +2.0 min/d; girls: +2.3 min/d), and lower SED (boys: -6.3 min/d; girls: -5.1 min/d). Effect sizes were generally weaker in lower-middle-income countries. Outdoor time was not associated with body mass index z scores. Conclusions: Outdoor time was associated with higher PA and lower SED independent of climate, parental education, and neighborhood variables, but effect sizes were small. However, more research is needed in low-and middle-income countries.",

keywords = "exercise, epidemiology, health promotion, motor behavior, Exercise, Motor behavior, Health promotion, Epidemiology",

author = "Richard Larouche and Barreira, {Tiago V.} and Gang Hu and Maia, {Jos{\'e} Ant{\'o}nio} and Olga Sarmiento and Katzmarzyk, {Peter T.} and Mire, {Emily F.} and Chaput, {Jean Philippe} and Lambert, {Estelle Victoria} and Tim Olds and Martyn Standage and Kevin Belanger and Mikael Fogelholm and Maher, {Carol Ann} and Onywera, {Vincent Ochieng} and {Tudor- Locke}, {Catrine E.} and Tremblay, {Mark S.} and Church, {Timothy S.} and Lambert, {Denise G.} and Broyles, {Stephanie T.} and Butitta, {Ben P.} and Champagne, {Catherine M.} and Cocreham, {Shannon H.} and Dentro, {Kara N.} and Katy Drazba and {Deirdre M. Harrington}, Deirdre and Johnson, {William D.} and Dione Milauskas and Allison Tohme and Rodarte, {Ruben Q.} and Bobby Amoroso and John Luopa and Neiberg, {Rebecca H.} and Scott Rushing and Tim Olds and Lewis, {Lucy Kate} and Katia Ferrar and Effie Georgiadis and Stanley, {Rebecca Megan} and Matsudo, {Victor Keihan} and Matsudo, {Sandra Mahecha} and Ara{\'u}jo, {Tim{\'o}teo Leandro} and {De Oliveira}, {Lu{\'i}s Carlos} and Leandro Rezende and Luis Fabiano and Diogo Bezerra and Ferrari, {Gerson Luis} and Priscilla B{\'e}langer and Borghese, {Michael Marc} and Charles Boyer and LeBlanc, {Allana G.W.} and Francis, {Claire E.} and Genevi{\`e}ve Leduc and Pei Zhao and Gang Hu and Chengming Diao and Wei Li and Weiqin Li and Liu, {Enquing qing} and Gongshu Liu and Hongyan Liu and Jian Ma and Yijuan Qiao and Huiguang Tian and Yue Wang and Tao Zhang and Fuxia Zhang and Julio Acosta and Yalta Alvira and D{\'i}az, {Mar{\'i}a Paula} and Rocio G{\'a}mez and Garcia, {Maria Paula} and G{\'o}mez, {Luis Guillermo} and Gonz{\'a}lez, {Lisseth Heras} and Gonz{\'a}lez, {Silvia Alejandra} and Carlos Grijalba and Leidys Guti{\'e}rrez and David Leal and Nicol{\'a}s Lemus and Etelvina Mahecha and Mahecha, {Maria Paula} and Rosalba Mahecha and {Ram{\'i}rez Varela}, Andrea and Paola R{\'i}os and Andres Suarez and Triana, {Camilo A.} and Elli Hovi and Jemina Kivel{\"a} and R{\"a}s{\"a}nen, {Sari M.} and Sanna Roito and Taru Saloheimo and Leena Valta and Kurpad, {Anura Vishwanath} and Rebecca Kuriyan and Lokesh, {Deepa P.} and D'Almeida, {Michelle Stephanie} and {Annie Mattilda}, R. and Correa, {Lygia F.M.} and D. Vijay and Wachira, {Lucy Joy} and Muthuri, {Stella Kagwiria} and {Da Silva Borges}, Alessandra and Cachada, {Sofia Oliveira} and {De Chaves}, {Raquel Nichele} and Gomes, {Thayse Natacha} and Pereira, {Sara Isabel} and {De Vilhena E Santos}, {Daniel Monteiro} and {Dos Santos}, {Fernanda Karina} and {Da Silva}, {Pedro Gil} and {De Souza}, {Michele Caroline} and Lambert, {Vicki E.} and Matthew April and Monika Uys and Nirmala Naidoo and Nandi Synyanya and Carstens, {Madelaine T.} and Cumming, {Sean P.} and Clemens Drenowatz and Emm, {Lydia G.} and Gillison, {Fiona Bridget} and Zakrzewski, {Julia Kirstey} and Ashley Braud and Donatto, {Sheletta G.} and Corbin Lemon and Ana Jackson and Ashunti Pearson and Gina Pennington and Daniel Ragus and Roubion, {Ryan C.} and Schuna, {John M.} and Derek Wiltz and Batterham, {Alan Mark} and Jacqueline Kerr and Pratt, {Michael W.} and Angelo Pietrobelli",

year = "2019",

month = feb,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1123/pes.2018-0055",

language = "English",

volume = "31",

pages = "118--129",

journal = "Pediatric Exercise Science",

issn = "0899-8493",

publisher = "Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.",

number = "1",

}

Larouche, R, Barreira, TV, Hu, G, Maia, JA, Sarmiento, O, Katzmarzyk, PT, Mire, EF, Chaput, JP, Lambert, EV, Olds, T, Standage, M, Belanger, K, Fogelholm, M, Maher, CA, Onywera, VO, Tudor- Locke, CE, Tremblay, MS, Church, TS, Lambert, DG, Broyles, ST, Butitta, BP, Champagne, CM, Cocreham, SH, Dentro, KN, Drazba, K, Deirdre M. Harrington, D, Johnson, WD, Milauskas, D, Tohme, A, Rodarte, RQ, Amoroso, B, Luopa, J, Neiberg, RH, Rushing, S, Olds, T, Lewis, LK, Ferrar, K, Georgiadis, E, Stanley, RM, Matsudo, VK, Matsudo, SM, Araújo, TL, De Oliveira, LC, Rezende, L, Fabiano, L, Bezerra, D, Ferrari, GL, Bélanger, P, Borghese, MM, Boyer, C, LeBlanc, AGW, Francis, CE, Leduc, G, Zhao, P, Hu, G, Diao, C, Li, W, Li, W, Liu, EQ, Liu, G, Liu, H, Ma, J, Qiao, Y, Tian, H, Wang, Y, Zhang, T, Zhang, F, Acosta, J, Alvira, Y, Díaz, MP, Gámez, R, Garcia, MP, Gómez, LG, González, LH, González, SA, Grijalba, C, Gutiérrez, L, Leal, D, Lemus, N, Mahecha, E, Mahecha, MP, Mahecha, R, Ramírez Varela, A, Ríos, P, Suarez, A, Triana, CA, Hovi, E, Kivelä, J, Räsänen, SM, Roito, S, Saloheimo, T, Valta, L, Kurpad, AV, Kuriyan, R, Lokesh, DP, D'Almeida, MS, Annie Mattilda, R, Correa, LFM, Vijay, D, Wachira, LJ, Muthuri, SK, Da Silva Borges, A, Cachada, SO, De Chaves, RN, Gomes, TN, Pereira, SI, De Vilhena E Santos, DM, Dos Santos, FK, Da Silva, PG, De Souza, MC, Lambert, VE, April, M, Uys, M, Naidoo, N, Synyanya, N, Carstens, MT, Cumming, SP, Drenowatz, C, Emm, LG, Gillison, FB, Zakrzewski, JK, Braud, A, Donatto, SG, Lemon, C, Jackson, A, Pearson, A, Pennington, G, Ragus, D, Roubion, RC, Schuna, JM, Wiltz, D, Batterham, AM, Kerr, J, Pratt, MW & Pietrobelli, A 2019, 'Relationships between outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index in children: A 12-country study', Pediatric Exercise Science, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0055

TY - JOUR

T1 - Relationships between outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index in children: A 12-country study

AU - Larouche, Richard

AU - Barreira, Tiago V.

AU - Hu, Gang

AU - Maia, José António

AU - Sarmiento, Olga

AU - Katzmarzyk, Peter T.

AU - Mire, Emily F.

AU - Chaput, Jean Philippe

AU - Lambert, Estelle Victoria

AU - Olds, Tim

AU - Standage, Martyn

AU - Belanger, Kevin

AU - Fogelholm, Mikael

AU - Maher, Carol Ann

AU - Onywera, Vincent Ochieng

AU - Tudor- Locke, Catrine E.

AU - Tremblay, Mark S.

AU - Church, Timothy S.

AU - Lambert, Denise G.

AU - Broyles, Stephanie T.

AU - Butitta, Ben P.

AU - Champagne, Catherine M.

AU - Cocreham, Shannon H.

AU - Dentro, Kara N.

AU - Drazba, Katy

AU - Deirdre M. Harrington, Deirdre

AU - Johnson, William D.

AU - Milauskas, Dione

AU - Tohme, Allison

AU - Rodarte, Ruben Q.

AU - Amoroso, Bobby

AU - Luopa, John

AU - Neiberg, Rebecca H.

AU - Rushing, Scott

AU - Olds, Tim

AU - Lewis, Lucy Kate

AU - Ferrar, Katia

AU - Georgiadis, Effie

AU - Stanley, Rebecca Megan

AU - Matsudo, Victor Keihan

AU - Matsudo, Sandra Mahecha

AU - Araújo, Timóteo Leandro

AU - De Oliveira, Luís Carlos

AU - Rezende, Leandro

AU - Fabiano, Luis

AU - Bezerra, Diogo

AU - Ferrari, Gerson Luis

AU - Bélanger, Priscilla

AU - Borghese, Michael Marc

AU - Boyer, Charles

AU - LeBlanc, Allana G.W.

AU - Francis, Claire E.

AU - Leduc, Geneviève

AU - Zhao, Pei

AU - Hu, Gang

AU - Diao, Chengming

AU - Li, Wei

AU - Li, Weiqin

AU - Liu, Enquing qing

AU - Liu, Gongshu

AU - Liu, Hongyan

AU - Ma, Jian

AU - Qiao, Yijuan

AU - Tian, Huiguang

AU - Wang, Yue

AU - Zhang, Tao

AU - Zhang, Fuxia

AU - Acosta, Julio

AU - Alvira, Yalta

AU - Díaz, María Paula

AU - Gámez, Rocio

AU - Garcia, Maria Paula

AU - Gómez, Luis Guillermo

AU - González, Lisseth Heras

AU - González, Silvia Alejandra

AU - Grijalba, Carlos

AU - Gutiérrez, Leidys

AU - Leal, David

AU - Lemus, Nicolás

AU - Mahecha, Etelvina

AU - Mahecha, Maria Paula

AU - Mahecha, Rosalba

AU - Ramírez Varela, Andrea

AU - Ríos, Paola

AU - Suarez, Andres

AU - Triana, Camilo A.

AU - Hovi, Elli

AU - Kivelä, Jemina

AU - Räsänen, Sari M.

AU - Roito, Sanna

AU - Saloheimo, Taru

AU - Valta, Leena

AU - Kurpad, Anura Vishwanath

AU - Kuriyan, Rebecca

AU - Lokesh, Deepa P.

AU - D'Almeida, Michelle Stephanie

AU - Annie Mattilda, R.

AU - Correa, Lygia F.M.

AU - Vijay, D.

AU - Wachira, Lucy Joy

AU - Muthuri, Stella Kagwiria

AU - Da Silva Borges, Alessandra

AU - Cachada, Sofia Oliveira

AU - De Chaves, Raquel Nichele

AU - Gomes, Thayse Natacha

AU - Pereira, Sara Isabel

AU - De Vilhena E Santos, Daniel Monteiro

AU - Dos Santos, Fernanda Karina

AU - Da Silva, Pedro Gil

AU - De Souza, Michele Caroline

AU - Lambert, Vicki E.

AU - April, Matthew

AU - Uys, Monika

AU - Naidoo, Nirmala

AU - Synyanya, Nandi

AU - Carstens, Madelaine T.

AU - Cumming, Sean P.

AU - Drenowatz, Clemens

AU - Emm, Lydia G.

AU - Gillison, Fiona Bridget

AU - Zakrzewski, Julia Kirstey

AU - Braud, Ashley

AU - Donatto, Sheletta G.

AU - Lemon, Corbin

AU - Jackson, Ana

AU - Pearson, Ashunti

AU - Pennington, Gina

AU - Ragus, Daniel

AU - Roubion, Ryan C.

AU - Schuna, John M.

AU - Wiltz, Derek

AU - Batterham, Alan Mark

AU - Kerr, Jacqueline

AU - Pratt, Michael W.

AU - Pietrobelli, Angelo

PY - 2019/2/1

Y1 - 2019/2/1

N2 - Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and body mass index z scores among children from 12 lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Methods: In total, 6478 children (54.4% girls) aged 9-11 years participated. Outdoor time was self-reported, PA and SED were assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and height and weight were measured. Data on parental education, neighborhood collective efficacy, and accessibility to neighborhood recreation facilities were collected from parent questionnaires. Country latitude and climate statistics were collected through national weather data sources. Gender-stratified multilevel models with parental education, climate, and neighborhood variables as covariates were used to examine the relationship between outdoor time, accelerometry measures, and body mass index z scores. Results: Each additional hour per day spent outdoors was associated with higher moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA (boys: +2.8 min/d; girls: +1.4 min/d), higher light-intensity PA (boys: +2.0 min/d; girls: +2.3 min/d), and lower SED (boys: -6.3 min/d; girls: -5.1 min/d). Effect sizes were generally weaker in lower-middle-income countries. Outdoor time was not associated with body mass index z scores. Conclusions: Outdoor time was associated with higher PA and lower SED independent of climate, parental education, and neighborhood variables, but effect sizes were small. However, more research is needed in low-and middle-income countries.

AB - Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity (PA), sedentary time (SED), and body mass index z scores among children from 12 lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Methods: In total, 6478 children (54.4% girls) aged 9-11 years participated. Outdoor time was self-reported, PA and SED were assessed with ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers, and height and weight were measured. Data on parental education, neighborhood collective efficacy, and accessibility to neighborhood recreation facilities were collected from parent questionnaires. Country latitude and climate statistics were collected through national weather data sources. Gender-stratified multilevel models with parental education, climate, and neighborhood variables as covariates were used to examine the relationship between outdoor time, accelerometry measures, and body mass index z scores. Results: Each additional hour per day spent outdoors was associated with higher moderate-to vigorous-intensity PA (boys: +2.8 min/d; girls: +1.4 min/d), higher light-intensity PA (boys: +2.0 min/d; girls: +2.3 min/d), and lower SED (boys: -6.3 min/d; girls: -5.1 min/d). Effect sizes were generally weaker in lower-middle-income countries. Outdoor time was not associated with body mass index z scores. Conclusions: Outdoor time was associated with higher PA and lower SED independent of climate, parental education, and neighborhood variables, but effect sizes were small. However, more research is needed in low-and middle-income countries.

KW - exercise

KW - epidemiology

KW - health promotion

KW - motor behavior

KW - Exercise

KW - Motor behavior

KW - Health promotion

KW - Epidemiology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85061958006&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1123/pes.2018-0055

DO - 10.1123/pes.2018-0055

M3 - Article

SN - 0899-8493

VL - 31

SP - 118

EP - 129

JO - Pediatric Exercise Science

JF - Pediatric Exercise Science

IS - 1

ER -

Relationships between outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and body mass index in children: A 12-country study

Abstract

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this