Strategies in boosting photosensitization for biomedical applications

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective treatment method for its few adverse effects, little invasiveness, short treatment time and low cost. The rapid development of PDT has dramatically boosted its multifaceted applications in cancer treatment, antibacterial and immunotherapy, etc. PDT occurs when photosensitizer (PS) is excited by external light, followed by reacting with surrounding oxygen or substrates through energy transfer or electron transfer to generate toxic reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) (such as 1O2, O2 − ·, O2 2− and HO·) to cause cell death or stimulate cell behavior...