Streptavidin-coated TiO2 surfaces are biologically inert: Protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion studies

Non-fouling TiO ₂ surfaces are attractive for a wide range of applications such as biosensors and medical devices, where biologically inert surfaces are needed. Typically, this is achieved by controlled surface modifications which prevent protein adsorption. For example, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or PEG-derived polymers have been widely applied to render TiO ₂ surfaces biologically inert. These surfaces have been further modified in order to achieve specific bio-activation. Therefore, there have been efforts to specifically functionalize TiO ₂ surfaces with polymers with embedded biotin motives, which can be used to couple streptavidin for further functionalization. As an alternative, here a streptavidin layer was immobilized by self-assembly directly on a biotinylated TiO ₂ surface, thus forming an anti-adhesive matrix, which can be selectively bio-activated. The anti-adhesive properties of these substrates were analyzed by studying the interaction of the surface coating with fibronectin, lysozym, and osteoblast cells using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and light microscopy. In contrast to non-modified TiO ₂ surfaces, streptavidin-coated TiO ₂ surfaces led to a very biologically inert substrate, making this type of surface coating a promising alternative to polymer coatings of TiO ₂ surfaces.